Figure 2. Plasma Metabolome Heat Maps for Trauma Patients and Healthy Volunteers.

The heat maps demonstrate (A) relatively decreased amino acids, with a rise over time, and (B) reduced vitamin and antioxidant substrates (niacinamide and biotin) and increased oxidative catabolites (propionate and 4-pyridoxic acid). The heat maps are generated using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Two trauma patients are omitted owing to high concentrations, which obscure all other relative concentrations.