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. 2019 Nov 18;11(6):995–1005. doi: 10.1007/s12551-019-00603-5

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Determination of ΔΨ with radioactive lipophilic ions. The triphenylmethylphosphonium cation (TPMP+) is a hydrophobic ion which quickly equilibrates through the plasma membrane. This equilibrium distribution depends on the resting Ψ in a variety of systems. Two RBC suspensions (hyperpolarized and depolarized cells, see color code ΔΨ in mV) are incubated with a buffer containing 10 μM H3-TPMP+ a 37 °C. After incubation, an aliquot of cells is placed in scintillation vials, the cells are lysed and the radioactivity measured by liquid scintillation counting. The data obtained are filled into the equation to determine ΔΨ