Table 2.
Novel bioactive factors for ASC osteogenic differentiation.
| Authors and year of publication | Type of cells | Bioactive factor used | Vectors | Delivery system | Experimental model | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lin C.Y. et al., 2013 [161] | Rabbit hASCs | Overexpression of BMP-2 | Baculovirus | Gelatin | In vitro+ rabbit calvarial CSD | Increased osteogenesis of transfected ASCs. 86% of the CSD closed at 12 w |
| Li W. et al., 2018 [140] | osteo hASCs and bmMSCs | exosomes from osteo hASCs | Not used | PLGA/PDA matrix | In vitro+ murine calvarial CSD | Exosomes promoted osteogenic diff of bmMSCs without other diff agents. PLGA/PDA+exosomes promoted MSC migration, homing, and new bone formation, in vivo |
| Lu Z. et al., 2017 [169] | undiff hASCs, osteo hASCs, and HOB | Exosomes from osteo hASCs | Not used | Standard culture medium | In vitro | Exosomes of osteo hASC stimulated HOBs toward differentiation and bone formation, whereas exosomes from undiff hASCs did not |
| Yang S. et al., 2019 [172] | undiff hASCs and osteo hASCs | Exosomes from osteo hASCs | Not used | Standard culture medium | In vitro | Exosomes from osteo hASCs promoted osteogenic differentiation in undiff ASCs. Effects probably mediated by miR-130a-3p |
| Liao Y.H. et al., 2014 [177] | hASCs | miR-148b and BMP2 | Baculovirus | Gelatin-coated PLGA | In vitro+murine calvarial CSD | Osteogenic differentiation of undiff ASCs was increased. Closure of the CSD in 12 w |
| Wang Z. et al., 2015 [180] | rat ASCs | miR-26a | Lentivirus | HA scaffold | In vitro+rat tibial CSD | Upregulation of proosteogenic genes and an increased bone-forming capacity. CSD closure in 12 weeks |
| Li K.C. et al., 2016 [179] | hASCs | miR-148b and BMP2 | Baculovirus | Gelatin-coated PLGA | In vitro+murine calvarial CSD | Osteogenic differentiation of undiff ASCs was increased. Closure of the CSD in 12 w |
| Qureshi A.T. et al., 2015 [178] | hASCs | miR-148b | Photoactivated miRNA-SNP conjugates | PCL | In vitro+ murine calvarial CSD | At 12 w, transfected hASCs+PCL statistically significant better closure of a CSD vs. controls |
| Deng Y. et al., 2013 [181] | Rat ASCs | Anti miR-31 | Lentivirus | β-TCP scaffold | In vitro+rat calvarial CSD | At 8 w, 35.42 ± 6.12% increase in bone volume. Better repair of CSD |
| Xie Q. et al., 2017 [175] | Rat ASCs | Anti miR-146 | Lentivirus | Poly(sebacoyl diglyceride) (PSeD) | In vitro+rat calvarial CSD | 49.8 ± 5.49% increase in bone volume |
List of abbreviations: ASCs = adipose stem cells; w = weeks; hASCs = human adipose stem cells; CSD = critical-sized defects; undiff hASCs = undifferentiated human adipose stem cells; osteo hASCs = osteogenically differentiated human adipose stem cells; HA = hydroxyapatite; TCP = tricalcium phosphate; β-TCP = β-tricalcium phosphate; PCL = polycaprolactone; PLGA = poly-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid.