Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Variable | Community-dwellers | Nursing home residents | p ∗ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 141) | Women (n = 159) | Men (n = 54) | Women (n = 92) | ||
| Age, years (SD) | 73.78 (6.74) | 72.69 (5.60) | 81.30 (6.93) | 81.80 (6.18) | <0.001 |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| Primary | 102 (53) | 198 (79) | 40 (74) | 75 (82) | <0.001 |
| High school | 73 (37) | 50 (20) | 11 (20) | 16 (17) | |
| University | 20 (10) | 3 (1) | 3 (6) | 1 (1) | |
| Chronic diseases, n (SD) | 2.30 (1.71) | 2.20 (1.70) | 2.93 (1.16) | 3.17 (1.03) | <0.001 |
| Medical visits, n (SD) | 9.38 (3.98) | 9.58 (4.47) | 4.89 (2.56) | 5.03 (2.43) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalizations, n (SD) | 0.46 (1.13) | 0.40 (0.77) | 0.43 (0.81) | 0.43 (0.70) | 0.034 |
| Medications, n (SD) | 3.82 (2.23) | 3.94 (2.28) | 6.61 (2.46) | 7.32 (2.16) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.92 (3.85) | 28.84 (5.25) | 26.07 (4.91) | 25.47 (4.93) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kgF) | 82.15 (13.08) | 75.08 (13.97) | 73.35 (15.00) | 64.91 (13,78) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 174.61 (7.35) | 161.55 (7.13) | 167.70 (9.31) | 159.5 (8.01) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 100.95 (12.10) | 94.96 (12.93) | 95.38 (14.66) | 90.18 (11.24) | <0.001 |
| Skinfold measurement (mm) | 14.86 (7.27) | 18.64 (6.72) | 15.79 (2.64) | 14.93 (2.85) | <0.001 |
| Calf circumference (cm) | 32.53 (4.13) | 32.66 (6.29) | 29.52 (3.12) | 28.12 (2.89) | <0.001 |
| Mid-arm muscle circumference (cm) | 27.60 (3.50) | 27.49 (3.67) | 25.29 (2.65) | 25.44 (3.33) | <0.001 |
| SCREEN II | |||||
| High risk of undernutrition | 121 (86) | 127 (80) | 54 (100) | 92 (100) | <0.001 |
| Moderate risk of undernutrition | 18 (13) | 26 (16) | 0 | 0 | |
| Without risk | 2 (1) | 6 (4) | 0 | 0 | |
| MNA | |||||
| Without undernutrition | 82 (58) | 96 (60) | 2 (4) | 7 (8) | <0.001 |
| With risk of undernutrition | 59 (42) | 62 (39) | 48 (89) | 72 (78) | |
| Undernutrition | 0 (0) | 1(1) | 4 (7) | 13 (14) | |
| 6-CIT test | |||||
| No cognitive Impairments | 96 (49) | 109 (43) | 10 (19) | 32 (26) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive impairments | 99 (51) | 142 (57) | 44 (81) | 60 (64) | |
| Timed up and go test (sec) | 12.67 (7.77) | 12.89 (7.72) | 28.15 (8.71) | 28.58 (7.68) | <0.001 |
| Functional reach test (cm) | 31.73 (11.97) | 29.62 (10.47) | 16.69 (6.66) | 15.91 (6.01) | <0.001 |
| Katz index, score (SD) | 5.99 (0.08) | 5.99 (0.07) | 3.70 (1.84) | 3.82 (1.95) | <0.001 |
| HGS-left arm (kgF) | 21.38 (6.61) | 17.54 (4.82) | 15.44 (6.20) | 14.41 (6.70) | <0.001 |
| HGS-right arm (kgF) | 24.05 (8.15) | 20.23 (4.95) | 19.81 (6.23) | 18.55 (7.19) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/l) | 45.80 (2.36) | 46.00 (7.17) | 44.23 (4.89) | 43.65 (4.35) | 0.047 |
| Ferritin (ng/mmol) | 192.19 (142.54) | 99.58 (70.22) | 212.47 (164.99) | 149.14 (114.27) | 0.028 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.34 (1.06) | 5.55 (1.07) | 5.41 (0.96) | 5.10 (1.22) | 0.236 |
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 145.73 (13.58) | 131.76 (12.08) | 131.55 (19.61) | 120.21 (15.31) | <0.001 |
Data for continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD. Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages. Screen II-seniors in the community: risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, version II among octogenarians. MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. 6-CIT, Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test HGS-handgrip strength. ∗Significant p values are in bold.