Table 1.
Baseline clinical and anthropometric characteristics in (1) all participants, (2) participants with obesity, (3) healthy-weight participants, and (4) longitudinal change in anthropometric characteristics in participants with obesity.
| All (n = 61) | Healthy-weight (n = 30) | Obese (n = 31) | Δ pre-post intervention (obese, n = 28) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 11.6 ± 2.0 | 11.8 ± 2.2 | 11.4 ± 1.9 | |
| Sex (F, %) | 44.3 | 46.7 | 41.9 | |
| Tanner puberty stage (1–4) | 2 (1.5–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (2‐3) | |
| Height (cm) | 154.7 ± 13.5 | 154.0 ± 14.9 | 155.3 ± 12.2 | 1.9 ± 1.1∗∗ |
| Height z-score | 0.94 ± 0.94 | 0.64 ± 1.00 | 1.23 ± 0.79 | 0.00 ± 0.12 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.4 ± 20.9 | 43.0 ± 10.8 | 73.3 ± 17.2 | 1.6 ± 3.0∗ |
| Weight z-score | 1.66 (0.30–2.55) | 0.23 ± 0.58 | 2.49 ± 0.47 | −0.04 ± 1.22 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 (17.5–30.0) | 17.8 ± 1.9 | 30.1 ± 4.3 | 0.0 ± 1.2 |
| Body fat (%) | 39.7 (25.8–46.9) | 26.1 ± 7.3 | 47.7 ± 4.3 | −1.1 ± 1.5∗∗ |
| WC (cm) | 76.2 (64.7–89.5) | 64.1 ± 5.7 | 88.6 ± 2.5 | −0.3 ± 2.4 |
| WHR | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.79 ± 0.04 | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.00 ± 0.03 |
| WHtR | 0.49 (0.41–0.57) | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.00 ± 0.02 |
| Android fat (kg) | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 0.0 ± 0.2 |
| Android fat (%) | 39.3 (21.8–50.7) | 23.3 ± 7.1 | 49.6 ± 4.3 | −1.2 ± 2.2∗∗ |
| MRI-VAT CSA (cm2) | 39.0 (15.9–62.0) | 17.4 ± 7.7 | 65.2 ± 23.5 | −0.1 ± 14.2 |
| MRI-VAT volume (cm3) | 181.5 (76.9–295.6) | 80.5 ± 34.1 | 314.8 ± 112.1 | 0.1 ± 64.6 |
| MRI-VAT mass (g) | 163.3 (69.3–266.0) | 72.5 ± 30.7 | 238.2 ± 100.9 | 0.1 ± 58.2 |
| DXA-VAT CSA (cm2) | 62.5 (35.8–105.0) | 34.0 ± 14.6 | 107.9 ± 28.3 | −0.9 ± 12.6 |
| DXA-VAT volume (cm3) | 326.0 (186.8–547.5) | 177.2 ± 76.1 | 562.5 ± 146.7 | −4.7 ± 65.7 |
| DXA-VAT mass (g) | 301.5 (172.8–506.8) | 163.9 ± 70.4 | 520.3 ± 136.6 | −6.5 ± 63.3 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). F, female; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist to hip ratio; WHtR, waist to height ratio; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; CSA, cross-sectional area; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body fat (%), android fat (kg), and android fat (%) were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.001 for pre-post intervention within group difference.