Table 2.

Baseline, week 12, change, and percentage change values for BDNF in EXO, DIO, and DEX according to sex.

	EXO				DIO				DEX
	Female	p	Male	p	Female	p	Male	p	Female	p	Male	p
BDNF (ng/mL)
Baseline	21.8 ± 6.7		17.8 ± 6		23.2 ± 8.9		16.9 ± 6.4		20.6 ± 7.3†		14.5 ± 5
Week 12	16.1 ± 4.2		12.1 ± 2.6		15.0 ± 7.3		14.0 ± 5.1		12.8 ± 4.8		12.7 ± 4.9
Change	−5.7 ± 7.1	0.08	−5.6 ± 6.1∗	0.026	−8.2 ± 8.9∗	0.035	−2.9 ± 7.2	0.368	−7.8 ± 6.8∗∗	0.003	−1.8 ± 6.2	0.409
% change	−22.4 ± 24.3	0.08	−22.1 ± 34.9∗	0.026	−29.9 ± 31.0∗	0.035	−4.2 ± 45.6	0.368	−32.5 ± 27.0∗∗	0.003	−5.8 ± 39.1	0.409

Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^∗Significant difference from baseline to week 12, in absolute values (p < 0.005); ^∗∗significant difference from baseline to week 12, in absolute values (p < 0.001). BMI: body mass index; HOMA: homeostatic model assessment; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; p: p value. Paired-sample t-test was performed to test for significant change from baseline to week 12. Independent t-test was performed to test for sex difference.