Table 5.
Adsorption of pollutants in real water samples by IL-modified sorbents.
| Pollution | Source of water samples | Analytical method | Added (μg/L) | Found (μg/L) | Recovery (%) | LOD (μg/L) | RSD (%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ | Sea and waste | Potentiometer | 0.0–0.08 | 0.02–0.1 | 98.6–103.2 | 0.008 | 2.8 | [94] |
| Cd2+ | Drinking | Potentiometer | 1.4 × 107 | — | 97.8–104.6 | 14.4 | 1.6–3.2 | [95] |
| Hg2+ | Mineral, tap, and river | SPE | 0.0–1.0 | 0.03–1.1 | 96.2–103.0 | 2.3 × 10−3 | 2.7 | [105] |
| Cd2+ | Tap and lake | SPE | 0.0–1.0 | 0.0–1.2 | 97.0–104.0 | 8.9 × 10−3 | 2.3 | [108] |
| Cd2+ | Tap and waste | Adsorption in vitro | 1.0–2.0 × 103 | — | 97.8–98.8 | — | — | [110] |
| Pb2+ | Tap, river, and waste | Potentiometer | 26.7–1.3 × 104 | 24.9–1.6 × 104 | 95.0–102.0 | 0.4 | <1.0 | [116] |
| Cu2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ | Waste, river, and mineral | Adsorption in vitro | 20.0 | 19.1–91.0 | 90.5–107.5 | 0.1–1.0 | <3.2 | [117] |
| Al3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ | Lake and waste | Adsorption in vitro | 0.0–100.0 | 0.0–170.9 | 88.4–117.8 | 0.5–30.0 × 10−3 | 1.4–6.0 | [118] |
| Pb2+ and Cd2+ | Tap, domestic, and industrial | Adsorption | 2.0–12.0 × 103 | 1.1–19.2 × 103 | 97.4–99.8 | — | — | [119] |
| DBP | River and canal | Adsorption in vitro | 1.0–10.0 | — | 80.0–87.0 | 0.15 | 4.3–7.8 | [96] |
| 4-CP | Drinking, ground, lake, sea, and waste | Adsorption in vitro | 25.0–75.0 × 103 | 0.5–8.5 × 103 | 88.6–98.1 | 9.8 × 103 | — | [100] |
| 12 PAHs | Mineral, river, and sea | SPE | 2.0–20.0 | 1.9–20.1 | 97.0–103.5 | 2.0–5.5 × 10−3 | 3.0–4.9 | [126] |
| 6 phenols | Tap and river | SPE | 0.5–1.0 × 103 | — | 87.0–116.3 | 0.2–0.4 | 1.0–3.4 | [127] |
| 2,4-DCP, BPA, and 2,4-DNP | Industrial, dyeing, textile, river, and plant effluent | SPE | 6.0–500.0 | — | 71.1–115.7 | — | 1.1–11.3 | [128] |
| p-NA | River, tap, and lake | Adsorption in vitro | 5.0–45.0 × 103 | — | 89.0–114.0 | — | — | [129] |
| CS | Surface | SPE | 1.0–5.0 | — | 81.0–110.1 | 1.0 × 10−3 | 1.2–7.6 | [130] |