Table 3. Change in Chao 1 diversity, according to socioeconomic status and antibiotic exposure.

Body site/exposure	Univariate association		Multivariate association1		Multivariate association2
	Coefficent	p-value	Coefficent	p-value	Coefficent	p-value
VAGINAL
Level of EducationA	13.3	0.10	18.2	0.04	17.6	0.05
Prenatal InsuranceB	2.0	0.83	3.4	0.75	3.0	0.78
Marital/CohabitingC	9.8	0.22	8.5	0.31	7.8	0.36
Antibiotics prior to Visit 1	−14.9	0.12	−13.6	0.16	N/A	N/A
Antibiotics between Visit 1 and 2	3.0	0.74	3.6	0.69	N/A	N/A
ORAL
Level of EducationA	−1.4	0.90	−5.2	0.67	−5.0	0.69
Prenatal InsuranceB	−16.6	0.19	−23.9	0.09	−23.9	0.10
Marital/CohabitingC	9.8	0.36	7.5	0.51	7.8	0.50
Antibiotics prior to Visit 1	−4.6	0.72	−5.9	0.65	N/A	N/A
Antibiotics between Visit 1 and 2	−1.1	0.93	−2.5	0.84	N/A	N/A
GUT
Level of EducationA	6.1	0.61	6.5	0.66	7.5	0.62
Prenatal InsuranceB	3.3	0.81	1.2	0.94	1.9	0.91
Marital/CohabitingC	−9.4	0.42	−7.1	0.57	−5.9	0.65
Antibiotics prior to Visit 1	6.5	0.62	7.2	0.59	N/A	N/A
Antibiotics between Visit 1 and 2	−8.5	0.51	−6.6	0.62	N/A	N/A

Notes.

¹Model controlling for age, any previous term birth, any previous preterm birth, weeks between sampling.

²Model controlling for age, any previous term birth, any previous preterm birth, weeks between sampling, and antibiotics.

^AEducation coded as 1 for high school or lower, 0 for some college or higher.

^BPrenatal insurance coded as 1 for Medicaid, 0 for Private.

^CMarital/Co-habiting coded as 1 for Single or Not cohabiting, 0 for Married or Cohabiting.

The bold styling indicates a p-value that is statistically significant at α < 0.05.