Table 3.
Characteristics of the PS-matched sample.
| Variable | Metformin group (n = 22681) | Nonmetformin group (n = 22681) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.8 ± 12.6 | 57.8 ± 12.7 | 0.87 |
| Age group, years | 0.76 | ||
| <50 | 6639 (29.3) | 6642 (29.3) | |
| 50–60 | 6088 (26.8) | 6071 (26.8) | |
| 60–70 | 4868 (21.5) | 4799 (21.1) | |
| ≥70 | 5086 (22.4) | 5169 (22.8) | |
| Sex | 0.91 | ||
| Male | 11136 (49.1) | 11121 (49.0) | |
| Female | 11545 (50.9) | 11560 (51.0) | |
| Hypertension | 0.82 | ||
| Yes | 14493 (63.9) | 14517 (64.0) | |
| No | 8188 (36.1) | 8164 (36.0) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.70 | ||
| Yes | 31527 (59.6) | 13486 (59.5) | |
| No | 9154 (40.4) | 9195 (40.5) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.84 | ||
| Yes | 6378 (28.1) | 6357 (28.0) | |
| No | 16303 (71.9) | 16324 (72.0) | |
| Obesity | |||
| Yes | 922 (4.1) | 927 (4.1) | 0.92 |
| No | 21759 (95.9) | 21754 (95.9) | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 0.16 | ||
| Yes | 392 (1.7) | 433 (1.9) | |
| No | 22289 (98.3) | 22248 (98.1) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.97 | ||
| Yes | 5403 (23.8) | 5399 (23.8) | |
| No | 17278 (76.2) | 17282 (76.2) | |
| Medications | |||
| Insulin | 1409 (6.2) | 1429 (6.3) | 0.71 |
| Sulfonylurea | 14135 (62.3) | 14176 (62.5) | 0.70 |
| DDP-4 inhibitor | 3718 (16.4) | 3674 (16.2) | 0.59 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 2719 (12.0) | 2746 (12.1) | 0.71 |
| Meglitinide | 2109 (9.3) | 2135 (9.4) | 0.69 |
| α-glucosidase inhibitor | 1842 (8.1) | 1858 (8.2) | 0.80 |
| Antihypertensives | 12654 (55.8) | 12631 (55.7) | 0.84 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 12831 (56.6) | 12840 (56.6) | 0.94 |
| PS | 0.60 ± 0.12 | 0.60 ± 0.13 | 0.80 |
PS: propensity score; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).