Table 1. miRs up- or down-regulated in the epithelial cells of asthmatic subjects compared to healthy controls.

Asthma profile	miR	Regulation in asthmatics	Role/pathway/target	Reference
Mild	let-7f	↑	-	31
Mild/severe	let-7b	↓	-	40
	let-7a	↓	Pathways: JAK-STAT signalling, cytokine network and inflammatory response	33,40
Mild	let-7e	↓	-	33
	miR-7-5p	↑	-	35
	miR-155	↓	Pathway: IL-13 pathway in human macrophages determining the M2 phenotype	33
	miR-181c	↑	-	31
Severe	miR-181b-5p	↓	Pathway: proinflammatory cytokines expression (IL-13, IL-1b, CCL11)	34
	miR-19a	↑	Role: enhances cell proliferation of BEC in severe asthma	35,42
Mild	miR-19b-3p	↑	-	35
Mild/severe	miR-200b	↓	Pathway: CD4+ Th2 cell activation	40
	miR-200c	↓	Pathway: CD4+ Th2 cell activation	40
Mild	miR-34b-5p	↓	Pathway: ciliated cell differentiation	36
	miR-34c-5p	↓	Pathway: ciliated cell differentiation	36
	miR-34	↓	Pathway: IGFBP-3 mediated autophagy activation	32
	miR-449a	↓	Pathway: ciliated cell differentiation	36
	miR-449b-5p	↓	Pathway: ciliated cell differentiation	36
	miR-449	↓	Pathways: differentiation of ciliated epithelial cells, IGFBP-3 mediated autophagy activation	32
	miR-203a	↑	Role: repress MEF2C, a transcription factor, leading to decreased cellular proliferation	35
	miR-3065-3p	↑	Role: repress MDGA1, a cell membrane anchor protein, resulting in suppression of cell-cell adhesion	35
	miR-221-5p	↑	-	35
Severe	miR-221-3p	↓	Target: CXCL17 in asthmatics and chemokine suppress CCL24 (eotaxin-2), CCL26 (eotaxin-3) and POSTN	44
	miRNA-221	↑	Target: SIRT1 reduction	43
Mild	miRNA-203	↓	Target: aquaporin gene AQP4	31
	miR-487b	↑	-	31
	miR-487a	↓	-	35

Th2, T helper 2.