Table 2. miRs up- and down-regulated in PBMCs from asthmatic subjects compared to healthy controls.

Asthma profile	miR	Regulation in asthmatics	Role/pathway/target	Reference
Severe	miR-155	↑	Role: associated with the expression of the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13	55
			Pathway: allergic inflammation in T-cells
	miR-126	↑	Target: increased IL-4, reduced IFN-γ	57
	miR-192	↓	Pathway: activation of Tfh cells	58
			Target: CXCR5
Mild	miR-145	↑	Target: RUNX3 expression in asthma patients	48
	miR-323-3p	↑	Role: up-regulated in IL-22-producing T cells	51
	miR-93	↓	Pathways: leukocyte activation/extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway/MAPK signalling pathway/cytokine production	51
	miR-181a	↓	-	51
	miR-26a	↓	Pathways: regulation of cell proliferation/MAPK cascade/Wnt signalling pathway	51
	miR-874	↓	Pathways: response to cytokine stimulus/immune effector process/T-cell activation/ Apoptotic signalling pathway/MAPK signalling pathway/TNF signalling pathway/TNF signalling pathway	51
	miR-323-3p	↑	Role: down-regulated in IL-22- and IL-17-double-positive T-cells	51
			Target: IL-22 reduction
	miR-19a	↑	Role: promotes Th2 cytokine production	50
			Targets: PTEN, SOCS1, deubiquitinase A20
	miR-15a	↓	Pathway: angiogenic or fibrotic processes	52
			Target: VEGFA
	miR-15b	↓	Target: VEGFA	52
	miR-20a	↓	Target: VEGFA	52
Severe	miR-28-5p	↓	-	59
	miR-146a	↓	Pathway: vitamin D pathway	59
	miR-146b	↓	Pathway: vitamin D pathway	59
Mild	miR-21-5p	↑	Role: predicted to inhibit differential responses to HDM	56
	miR-98	↑	Target: TSP1 reduction	61
	miR-19a	↓	-	53
	miR-19b	↓	-	53
	miR-221	↑	Target: Spred-2	49
	miR-485-3p	↑	-	49
	miR-625-5p	↓	Pathways: Inflammatory cytokine	49
			Targets: CBL, PPARGC1B, ESR3
Mild/severe	miR-192	↓	Pathway: cell cycle regulation of blood cells	62
Severe	miR-29c	↓	Target: B7-H3	60
			Pathway: Th cell differentiation
Mild	miR-124	↑	Role: regulator of the M2 polarization in various subsets of monocytes cells	47

PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; Tfh, T follicular helper; Th, T helper.