Figure 1.

Algorithm to guide the selection of patients with severe refractory asthma for treatment with biologics and bronchial thermoplasty.

Note: ^aBiologics and bronchial thermoplasty are treatment options for patients with severe asthma (Step 5) who have uncontrolled asthma despite high-dose ICS plus long-acting β2-agonist and the long-acting muscarinic antagonist tiotropium and after assessment and management of causes of difficult-to-control asthma, such as nonadherence, poor inhaler technique, comorbidities, under treatment, and other behavioral factors.