Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Of The Two Groups
| All (N = 79) |
Group 1 (n = 37) |
Group 2 (n = 42) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 ± 9 | 71 ± 9 | 69 ± 9 | 0.304 |
| Male/female (n) | 30/7 | 38/4 | 0.331 | |
| BH (cm) | 162 ± 8 | 161 ± 8 | 164 ± 7 | 0.120 |
| BW (kg) | 60 ± 11 | 59 ± 13 | 61 ± 10 | 0.375 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 ± 4 | 23 ± 4 | 24 ± 3 | 0.702 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 14 ± 2 | 14 ± 2 | 14 ± 2 | 0.688 |
| GOLD | <0.001 | |||
| I | 3 (4%) | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| II | 30 (38%) | 21 (57%) | 9 (21%) | |
| III | 39 (49%) | 13 (35%) | 26 (62%) | |
| IV | 7 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (17%) | |
| ABCD assessment | 0.562 | |||
| A | 7 | 4 | 3 | |
| B | 57 | 27 | 30 | |
| C | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| D | 14 | 5 | 9 | |
| Smoking | 0.108 | |||
| Non-smoker | 10 (13%) | 7 (19%) | 3 (7%) | |
| Current smoker | 32 (41%) | 11 (30%) | 21 (50%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 37 (47%) | 19 (51%) | 18 (43%) | |
| Pharmacologic Tx | 0.688 | |||
| Nil | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| SABD | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| LABA+ICS | 27 | 14 | 13 | |
| LAMA | 9 | 6 | 3 | |
| LABA+LAMA | 10 | 4 | 6 | |
| LABA+LAMA+ICS | 30 | 12 | 18 | |
| CV comorbidities | ||||
| CHF | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0.811 |
| CAD | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.597 |
| HTN | 23 | 15 | 8 | 0.036 |
| Arrhythmia | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0.830 |
| Valvular disease | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 67 ± 12 | 66 ± 14 | 68 ± 10 | 0.398 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 65 ± 22 | 64 ± 22 | 66 ± 22 | 0.659 |
| TRPG (mmHg) | 28 ± 12 | 30 ± 14 | 26 ± 10 | 0.055 |
Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).
Abbreviations: BH, body height; BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Tx, treatment; SABD, short-acting bronchodilator; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LAMA, long-acting antimuscarinic antagonist; CHF, congestive heart failure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CV, cardiovascular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; TRPG, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient; HTN, hypertension.