Table 4:

Association of total serum 25(OH)D (LC-MS/MS), measured at baseline, with clinical characteristics, demographics, and medical history^a.

	N	Beta (SE)	95% CI	p-value
Age in years		−0.006 (0.012)	(−0.03, 0.02)	0.629
Female (reference: male)	6996	1.667 (0.164)	(1.35, 1.99)	<.0001
Race/Ethnicity (reference: non-Hispanic white)	10800
African American	2044	−4.595 (0.229)	(−5.04, −4.15)	<.0001
Hispanic	490	−1.528 (0.404)	(−2.32, −0.74)	0.0001
Asian/Pacific Islander	188	−3.931 (0.634)	(−5.17, −2.69)	<.0001
Native American	117	−0.864 (0.798)	(−2.43, 0.70)	0.279
Other/unknown	290	−0.432 (0.510)	(−1.43, 0.57)	0.398
BMI in kg/m2 [per 1 unit higher]		−0.314 (0.015)	(−0.34, −0.29)	<.0001
Alcohol consumption [reference=never]	4128
Rarely	1005	0.207 (0.302)	(−0.38, 0.80)	0.492
1-6/week	4927	0.094 (0.184)	(−0.27, 0.46)	0.612
Daily	3869	0.773 (0.205)	(0.37, 1.17)	0.0002
Smoking status [reference: never]	7210
Past	5894	0.424 (0.153)	(0.12, 0.73)	0.0057
Current	825	−1.273 (0.319)	(−1.90, −0.65 )	0.0001
Non-randomized Supplement use of
Calcium	2978	2.035 (0.212)	(1.62, 2.45)	<.0001
Vitamin D (<800 IU/day)	6467	5.679 (0.166)	(5.35, 6.00)	<.0001
Health History / Medications
Diabetes	1777	0.663 (0.236)	(0.20, 1.12)	0.0049
Hypertension	7286	0.357 (0.159)	(0.05, 0.67)	0.0246
Aspirin	6459	0.360 (0.153)	(0.06, 0.66)	0.0187
Statins	5103	0.485 (0.161)	(0.17, 0.80)	0.0026
Non-statin lipid lowering	680	0.122 (0.339)	(−0.54, 0.79)	0.7188
Latitude [increase of 1 degree] b		−0.152 (0.014)	(−0.18, −0.12)	<.0001

^amultivariable linear regression model of total 25(OH)D levels and all covariates listed in this table, additionally adjusted for season (sine and cosine terms), based on 13929 observations complete in all covariates

^bone degree latitude corresponds to approximately 111 kilometers (69 miles)