Table 2.
Specific High-Risk Supplements Used Most Frequently by US Adults
| Weighted % | |
|---|---|
| G1–G2 | |
| Flaxseed oil | 16.1 |
| Evening primrose oil | 5.9 |
| GNC Men’s Mega Men Sport creatine precursor B | 4.6 |
| Odorless garlic (bulb) | 4.6 |
| Milk thistle seed extract | 4.4 |
| Milk thistle (seed) | 3.9 |
| Garlic | 2.2 |
| Dandelion leaf extract | 2.1 |
| Borage seed oil | 2.1 |
| Garlic (bulb) | 2.1 |
| G3, CKD-unaware | |
| Flaxseed oil | 1.3 |
| Turmeric extract (root) | 0.6 |
| Dandelion root | 0.6 |
| Concentrated garlic bulb | 0.5 |
| Horsetail stem extract | 0.4 |
| Sunflower oil | 0.4 |
| Turmeric concentrate (rhizome) | 0.4 |
| Thisilyn milk thistle extract (seed) | 0.4 |
| Bitter melon extract (fruit) | 0.3 |
| Papaya juice powder | 0.3 |
| G3, CKD-aware | |
| Milk thistle seed extract | 0.4 |
| Papaya fruit | 0.3 |
Note: The top 10 high-risk supplements, as defined by the NKF,5 in each GFR/awareness category are shown as a weighted percentage of people in that group. G1–G2 refers to all people with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 including normal kidney function. There were no individuals with G4 to G5 (CKD unaware or aware) taking high-risk supplements.