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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2019 Oct 21;22(11):1782–1792. doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0514-0

Figure 5|. β2AR activation inhibits microglial process response to focal tissue injury.

Figure 5|

(a) Example microglial response to focal laser ablation in a saline-treated (S) mouse at t=0 and t=55 minutes post-ablation. (b) Example microglial response to laser ablation in a nadolol/clenbuterol-treated (NC) mouse at t=0 and t=55 minutes post-ablation. (c) Microglial process response vectors from 10–55 minutes post-ablation (n: S=5, N=7, NC=5, DSP4=6, ICI=6 mice). (d) Microglia in NC-treated mice have a reduced maximum response to focal tissue injury (n: S=5, N=7, NC=5, DSP4=6, ICI=6 mice, one-way ANOVA, p=1.7×10−5, F(4,26)=12.69, Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons: S v. NC p=0.016, S v. N p=0.039, N v. NC p=1.3×10−5, NC v. DSP4 p=0.0031, and NC v. ICI p=0.00010). (e) Microglia in NC-treated mice have decreased response area under the curve (AUC) 10–55min post-ablation (n: S=5, N=7, NC=5, DSP4=6, ICI=6 mice, one-way ANOVA, p=2.1×10−6, F(4,26)=16.65, Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons: S v. NC p=0.00073, N v. NC p=3.1×10−6, NC v. DSP4 p=0.00061, and NC v. ICI p=4.5×10−6). Scale bars = 20μm. Graphs show mean±SEM. Abbreviations: S=saline, N=nadolol, NC=nadolol/clenbuterol, ICI=ICI-118,551, DSP4=N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, ****p<0.0001). Points represent individual animals. See Supplementary Table 1 for the number of females and males used in these experiments.