(a) Example microglial response to focal laser ablation in
a saline-treated (S) mouse at t=0 and t=55 minutes post-ablation.
(b) Example microglial response to laser ablation in a
nadolol/clenbuterol-treated (NC) mouse at t=0 and t=55 minutes post-ablation.
(c) Microglial process response vectors from 10–55
minutes post-ablation (n: S=5, N=7, NC=5, DSP4=6, ICI=6 mice). (d)
Microglia in NC-treated mice have a reduced maximum response to focal tissue
injury (n: S=5, N=7, NC=5, DSP4=6, ICI=6 mice, one-way ANOVA,
p=1.7×10−5, F(4,26)=12.69, Holm-Sidak multiple
comparisons: S v. NC p=0.016, S v. N p=0.039, N v. NC
p=1.3×10−5, NC v. DSP4 p=0.0031, and NC v. ICI
p=0.00010). (e) Microglia in NC-treated mice have decreased
response area under the curve (AUC) 10–55min post-ablation (n: S=5, N=7,
NC=5, DSP4=6, ICI=6 mice, one-way ANOVA, p=2.1×10−6,
F(4,26)=16.65, Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons: S v. NC p=0.00073, N v.
NC p=3.1×10−6, NC v. DSP4 p=0.00061, and NC v. ICI
p=4.5×10−6). Scale bars = 20μm. Graphs show
mean±SEM. Abbreviations: S=saline, N=nadolol, NC=nadolol/clenbuterol,
ICI=ICI-118,551, DSP4=N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine;
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, ****p<0.0001). Points
represent individual animals. See Supplementary Table 1 for the
number of females and males used in these experiments.