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. 2019 Nov 11;13(4):271–276. doi: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.5684

Table 4.

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders based on GHQ-28 results in two study groups in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy


GHQ-28 domain ART pregnancy groupn=40 Spontaneous pregnancy groupn=40 P value

The first trimester of pregnancy
Somatic symptoms disorder 32 (80) 12 (30) <0.001*
Anxiety and insomnia disorder 30 (75) 14 (35) <0.001*
Social function disorder 29 (72.5) 20 (50) 0.03*
Severe depression disorder 22 (55) 9 (22.5) <0.001*
Total general health disorder 38 (95) 21 (52.5) <0.001*
The second trimester of pregnancy
Somatic symptoms disorder 33 (82.5) 18 (45) <0.001*
Anxiety and insomnia disorder 27 (67.5) 17 (42.5) 0.02*
Social function disorder 26 (65) 19 (47.5) 0.11
Severe depression disorder 18 (45) 12 (30) 0.16
Total general health disorder 39 (97.5) 26 (65) <0.001*

Data are presented as n (%). *; Significant difference, ART; Assisted reproductive technology, and GHQ-28; General Health Questionnaire-28