Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to iron deficiency anemia
| Frequency (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No anemia N = (827,124) | IDA (N = 19,594) |
|||
| Age | 8.97 (5.16)a | 5.98 (5.48)a | 0.89 (0.89–0.89) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 428,361 (51.79) | 9253 (47.22) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Female | 398,763 (48.21) | 10,341 (52.78) | 1.20 (1.17–1.24) | <.001 |
| Insurance Types | ||||
| Health insurance | 806,892 (97.55) | 19,054 (97.24) | 1 [Reference] | |
| Medical aid | 20,232 (2.45) | 540 (2.76) | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 0.006 |
| Systemic infection | ||||
| Meningitis | 1645 (0.20) | 130 (0.66) | 3.35 (2.80–4.01) | <.001 |
| BJI | 803 (0.10) | 41 (0.21) | 2.16 (1.58–2.96) | <.001 |
| Sepsis | 3071 (0.37) | 478 (2.44) | 6.71 (6.09–7.40) | <.001 |
| HEP | 2445 (0.30) | 695 (3.55) | 12.40 (11.39–13.51) | <.001 |
| CKD | 57 (0.01) | 26 (0.13) | 19.28 (12.12–30.67) | <.001 |
| Mental disorder | ||||
| Depression | 3931 (0.48) | 178 (0.91) | 1.92 (1.65–2.23) | <.001 |
| Anxiety | 6518 (0.79) | 309 (1.58) | 2.02 (1.80–2.26) | <.001 |
| Chronic inflammation | ||||
| PUD | 15,248 (1.84) | 640 (3.27) | 1.80 (1.66–1.95) | <.001 |
| COPD | 12,650 (1.53) | 422 (2.15) | 1.42 (1.29–1.56) | <.001 |
| SLE | 228 (0.03) | 26 (0.13) | 4.83 (3.22–7.25) | <.001 |
| RA | 1454 (0.18) | 96 (0.49) | 2.80 (2.27–3.44) | <.001 |
| IBD | 265 (0.03) | 68 (0.35) | 10.87 (8.32–14.19) | <.001 |
| Cancer | 1147 (0.14) | 133 (0.68) | 4.92 (4.11–5.89) | <.001 |
| Medication | ||||
| Steroid | 333,265 (40.29) | 11,726 (59.84) | 2.21 (2.15–2.27) | <.001 |
| Methotrexate | 162 (0.02) | 26 (0.13) | 6.78 (4.48–10.27) | <.001 |
| Cyclosporine | 302 (0.04) | 29 (0.15) | 4.07 (2.78–5.96) | <.001 |
amean (standard deviation)
IDA Iron deficiency anemia, BJI Bone and joint infection, HEP Hepatitis, CKD Chronic kidney disease, PUD Peptic ulcer disease, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus, RA Rheumatoid arthritis, IBD Irritable bowel disease