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. 2019 Nov 21;12:1756284819890537. doi: 10.1177/1756284819890537

Table 2.

Diagnostic evaluation of seven diagnostic tests for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Comparison (author) Patients
Prevalence of GERD according to reference test SEN SPE PPV NPV LR+ LR−
TP FP FN TN Total
A versus B
Frazzoni et al.13 60 3 20 38 121 0.66 0.75 0.93 0.95 0.66 10.25 0.27
Ravi et al.14 25 5 4 21 55 0.53 0.86 0.81 0.83 0.84 4.48 0.17
Frazzoni et al.15 62 31 6 190 289 0.24 0.91 0.86 0.67 0.97 6.50 0.10
Kandulski et al.16 15 5 4 12 36 0.53 0.79 0.71 0.75 0.75 2.68 0.30
A versus C
Hayat et al.17 66 40 18 74 198 0.42 0.79 0.65 0.62 0.80 2.24 0.33
Saritas Yuksel et al.18 11 2 11 23 47 0.47 0.50 0.92 0.85 0.68 6.25 0.54
A versus D
Cui et al.19 186 123 111 145 565 0.53 0.63 0.54 0.60 0.57 1.36 0.69
Zhou et al.20 188 118 119 151 576 0.53 0.61 0.56 0.61 0.56 1.40 0.69
Cui et al.21 111 0 8 42 161 0.74 0.93 1.00 1.00 0.84 NA 0.07
Mastracci et al.22 102 6 17 14 139 0.86 0.86 0.70 0.94 0.45 2.86 0.20
Vela et al.23 9 1 6 10 26 0.58 0.60 0.91 0.90 0.63 6.60 0.44
A versus E
Zhou et al.20 203 145 149 139 636 0.55 0.58 0.49 0.58 0.48 1.13 0.86
Zavala-Gonzales et al.24 129 20 51 52 252 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.87 0.50 2.58 0.39
Jonasson et al.25 115 11 32 11 169 0.87 0.78 0.50 0.91 0.26 1.56 0.44
Lacy et al.26 77 41 31 28 177 0.61 0.71 0.41 0.65 0.47 1.20 0.71
Jones et al.27 125 33 69 81 308 0.63 0.64 0.71 0.79 0.54 2.23 0.50
Bai et al.28 620 1405 815 5225 8065 0.18 0.43 0.79 0.31 0.87 2.04 0.72
A versus F
Zhou et al.20 248 158 104 126 636 0.55 0.70 0.44 0.61 0.55 1.27 0.67
Jonasson et al.25 90 4 27 3 124 0.94 0.77 0.43 0.96 0.10 1.35 0.54
Lee et al.29 55 82 15 36 188 0.37 0.79 0.31 0.40 0.71 1.13 0.70
Dent et al.30 106 35 91 64 296 0.67 0.54 0.65 0.75 0.41 1.52 0.71
Cho et al.31 49 4 15 5 73 0.88 0.77 0.56 0.92 0.25 1.72 0.42
Zheng et al.32 5 11 4 7 27 0.33 0.56 0.39 0.31 0.64 0.91 1.14
Lee et al.33 52 28 17 67 164 0.42 0.75 0.71 0.65 0.80 2.56 0.35
Fan et al.44 20 2 5 5 32 0.78 0.80 0.71 0.91 0.50 2.80 0.28
Des Varannes et al.35 15 6 3 5 29 0.62 0.83 0.45 0.71 0.63 1.53 0.37
Aanen et al.36 41 17 5 4 67 0.69 0.89 0.19 0.71 0.44 1.10 0.57
Dickman et al.37 12 2 4 17 35 0.46 0.75 0.89 0.86 0.81 7.13 0.28
Juul-Hansen et al.38 34 17 0 1 52 0.65 1.00 0.06 0.67 1.00 1.06 0.00
Pandak et al.39 19 7 1 11 38 0.53 0.95 0.61 0.73 0.92 2.44 0.08
Juul-Hansen et al.40 29 11 5 11 56 0.61 0.85 0.50 0.73 0.69 1.71 0.29
Fass et al.41 21 8 0 6 35 0.60 1.00 0.43 0.72 1.00 1.75 0.00
Fass et al.42 28 3 7 4 42 0.83 0.80 0.57 0.90 0.36 1.87 0.35
Bate et al.43 22 11 10 15 58 0.55 0.69 0.58 0.67 0.60 1.63 0.54
Johnsson et al.44 100 16 35 9 160 0.84 0.74 0.36 0.86 0.20 1.16 0.72
Fass et al.45 18 2 5 12 37 0.62 0.78 0.86 0.90 0.71 5.48 0.25
Carlsson et al.46 66 25 72 62 225 0.61 0.48 0.71 0.73 0.46 1.66 0.73
Galmiche et al.47 27 65 10 39 141 0.26 0.73 0.38 0.29 0.80 1.17 0.72
Hatlebakk et al.48 55 59 22 25 161 0.48 0.71 0.30 0.48 0.53 1.02 0.96
Venables et al.49 80 120 21 109 330 0.31 0.79 0.48 0.40 0.84 1.51 0.44
A versus G
Ates et al.50 108 6 34 120 268 0.53 0.76 0.95 0.95 0.78 15.97 0.25
Saritas Yuksel et al.51 37 9 5 18 69 0.61 0.88 0.67 0.80 0.78 2.64 0.18
F versus E
Xu et al.52 68 2 34 22 126 0.81 0.67 0.92 0.97 0.39 8.00 0.36

A: esophageal pH/pH impedance monitoring and/or endoscopy; B: baseline impedance; C: salivary pepsin; D: DIS; E: GERDQ; F: PPI test; G: mucosal impedance.

AET, acid exposure time; DIS, dilated intercellular space; FN, false negative; FP, false positive; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GERDQ, GERD questionnaire; LR, likelihood ratio; MNBI, mean nocturnal baseline impedance; NPV, negative-predictive value; PPI, proton-pump inhibitor; PPV, positive-predictive value; SAP, symptom association probability; SEN, sensitivity; SI, symptom index; SPE, specificity; TP, true positive; TN, true negative.