Table 2.
Comparison (author) | Patients |
Prevalence of GERD according to reference test | SEN | SPE | PPV | NPV | LR+ | LR− | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | FP | FN | TN | Total | ||||||||
A versus B | ||||||||||||
Frazzoni et al.13 | 60 | 3 | 20 | 38 | 121 | 0.66 | 0.75 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.66 | 10.25 | 0.27 |
Ravi et al.14 | 25 | 5 | 4 | 21 | 55 | 0.53 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 4.48 | 0.17 |
Frazzoni et al.15 | 62 | 31 | 6 | 190 | 289 | 0.24 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 0.97 | 6.50 | 0.10 |
Kandulski et al.16 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 36 | 0.53 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 2.68 | 0.30 |
A versus C | ||||||||||||
Hayat et al.17 | 66 | 40 | 18 | 74 | 198 | 0.42 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 0.80 | 2.24 | 0.33 |
Saritas Yuksel et al.18 | 11 | 2 | 11 | 23 | 47 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.68 | 6.25 | 0.54 |
A versus D | ||||||||||||
Cui et al.19 | 186 | 123 | 111 | 145 | 565 | 0.53 | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.57 | 1.36 | 0.69 |
Zhou et al.20 | 188 | 118 | 119 | 151 | 576 | 0.53 | 0.61 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.56 | 1.40 | 0.69 |
Cui et al.21 | 111 | 0 | 8 | 42 | 161 | 0.74 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.84 | NA | 0.07 |
Mastracci et al.22 | 102 | 6 | 17 | 14 | 139 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.70 | 0.94 | 0.45 | 2.86 | 0.20 |
Vela et al.23 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 10 | 26 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.63 | 6.60 | 0.44 |
A versus E | ||||||||||||
Zhou et al.20 | 203 | 145 | 149 | 139 | 636 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.48 | 1.13 | 0.86 |
Zavala-Gonzales et al.24 | 129 | 20 | 51 | 52 | 252 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.87 | 0.50 | 2.58 | 0.39 |
Jonasson et al.25 | 115 | 11 | 32 | 11 | 169 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.50 | 0.91 | 0.26 | 1.56 | 0.44 |
Lacy et al.26 | 77 | 41 | 31 | 28 | 177 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.41 | 0.65 | 0.47 | 1.20 | 0.71 |
Jones et al.27 | 125 | 33 | 69 | 81 | 308 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 2.23 | 0.50 |
Bai et al.28 | 620 | 1405 | 815 | 5225 | 8065 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.79 | 0.31 | 0.87 | 2.04 | 0.72 |
A versus F | ||||||||||||
Zhou et al.20 | 248 | 158 | 104 | 126 | 636 | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 1.27 | 0.67 |
Jonasson et al.25 | 90 | 4 | 27 | 3 | 124 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 0.96 | 0.10 | 1.35 | 0.54 |
Lee et al.29 | 55 | 82 | 15 | 36 | 188 | 0.37 | 0.79 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.71 | 1.13 | 0.70 |
Dent et al.30 | 106 | 35 | 91 | 64 | 296 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.41 | 1.52 | 0.71 |
Cho et al.31 | 49 | 4 | 15 | 5 | 73 | 0.88 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.92 | 0.25 | 1.72 | 0.42 |
Zheng et al.32 | 5 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 27 | 0.33 | 0.56 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.64 | 0.91 | 1.14 |
Lee et al.33 | 52 | 28 | 17 | 67 | 164 | 0.42 | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 2.56 | 0.35 |
Fan et al.44 | 20 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 32 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.91 | 0.50 | 2.80 | 0.28 |
Des Varannes et al.35 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 29 | 0.62 | 0.83 | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 1.53 | 0.37 |
Aanen et al.36 | 41 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 67 | 0.69 | 0.89 | 0.19 | 0.71 | 0.44 | 1.10 | 0.57 |
Dickman et al.37 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 17 | 35 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 7.13 | 0.28 |
Juul-Hansen et al.38 | 34 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 52 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.00 |
Pandak et al.39 | 19 | 7 | 1 | 11 | 38 | 0.53 | 0.95 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 0.92 | 2.44 | 0.08 |
Juul-Hansen et al.40 | 29 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 56 | 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.50 | 0.73 | 0.69 | 1.71 | 0.29 |
Fass et al.41 | 21 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 35 | 0.60 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 0.72 | 1.00 | 1.75 | 0.00 |
Fass et al.42 | 28 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 42 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.36 | 1.87 | 0.35 |
Bate et al.43 | 22 | 11 | 10 | 15 | 58 | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.60 | 1.63 | 0.54 |
Johnsson et al.44 | 100 | 16 | 35 | 9 | 160 | 0.84 | 0.74 | 0.36 | 0.86 | 0.20 | 1.16 | 0.72 |
Fass et al.45 | 18 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 37 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.71 | 5.48 | 0.25 |
Carlsson et al.46 | 66 | 25 | 72 | 62 | 225 | 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.46 | 1.66 | 0.73 |
Galmiche et al.47 | 27 | 65 | 10 | 39 | 141 | 0.26 | 0.73 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.80 | 1.17 | 0.72 |
Hatlebakk et al.48 | 55 | 59 | 22 | 25 | 161 | 0.48 | 0.71 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 1.02 | 0.96 |
Venables et al.49 | 80 | 120 | 21 | 109 | 330 | 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.84 | 1.51 | 0.44 |
A versus G | ||||||||||||
Ates et al.50 | 108 | 6 | 34 | 120 | 268 | 0.53 | 0.76 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.78 | 15.97 | 0.25 |
Saritas Yuksel et al.51 | 37 | 9 | 5 | 18 | 69 | 0.61 | 0.88 | 0.67 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 2.64 | 0.18 |
F versus E | ||||||||||||
Xu et al.52 | 68 | 2 | 34 | 22 | 126 | 0.81 | 0.67 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.39 | 8.00 | 0.36 |
A: esophageal pH/pH impedance monitoring and/or endoscopy; B: baseline impedance; C: salivary pepsin; D: DIS; E: GERDQ; F: PPI test; G: mucosal impedance.
AET, acid exposure time; DIS, dilated intercellular space; FN, false negative; FP, false positive; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GERDQ, GERD questionnaire; LR, likelihood ratio; MNBI, mean nocturnal baseline impedance; NPV, negative-predictive value; PPI, proton-pump inhibitor; PPV, positive-predictive value; SAP, symptom association probability; SEN, sensitivity; SI, symptom index; SPE, specificity; TP, true positive; TN, true negative.