Fig. 7.

Prenatal treatment of SOD mimetic MnTBAP and resveratrol partly ameliorates maternal diabetes-induced autism-like behavior in offspring. The dams from either maternal diabetes (STZ) or control (CTL) group received treatments of either SOD mimetic MnTBAP or resveratrol (RSV), and the 8-wk-old male offspring were used for autism-like behavior analysis before being sacrificed for further biomedical analysis. (A–E) The amygdala tissues were isolated for further analysis as below: (A) mRNA levels for gene expression of SOD2 and ERβ (n = 4), (B) representative pictures for Western blotting, (C) quantitation of protein levels (n = 5), (D) in vivo superoxide anion release (n = 5), (E) quantitation of 3-nitrotyrosine formation (n = 5), (F–I) autism-like behavior analysis (n = 8), and (F) ultrasonic vocalization (n = 9). (G) Social recognition: seconds socially investigating a conspecific [same conspecific in tests 1 to 4; novel conspecific in test 5 (a new stimulus rat was introduced), n = 9; *P < 0.05 vs. CTL/EMP group; ^¶P < 0.05 vs. STZ/EMP group]. (H and I) Three-chambered social tests for time spent in chamber for sociability (H) and time spent in chamber for social novelty (I). *P < 0.05 vs. CTL/Pre-VEH group. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.