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. 2019 Nov 20;11:9829–9841. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S217672

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© 2019 Liu et al.

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Representative radiographic panel of NM classification. (A–D) The intracranial NM subtypes. (A) The sagittal T1WI with enhancement showing the disseminated medulloblastoma on the surface of leptomeninges as the filament pattern (red arrow). (B) The axial enhanced T1WI displaying the procumbent-shape metastatic glioma located at the internal walls of the lateral ventricle. (C) The sagittal contrasted T1WI showing lots of nodular metastases in the subarachnoid spaces which were less than 1 cm. (D) The axial T1WI with enhancement presenting the two massive round metastatic anaplastic ependymomas in the subarachnoid cisterns. (E–K) The intraspinal NM subtypes. € The sagittal whole spine MRI showing the LI subtype, the leptomeningeal linear enhancement with diffuse miliary medulloblastoma. (F) The sagittal T1WI with contrast exhibiting the metastatic medulloblastoma with extensive distribution in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar leptomeninges, classified as the LIIa subgroup. (G) The sagittal cervical MRI with enhancement showing the LIIb subtype, which was located in the procumbent pattern with a narrow base in the subarachnoid space of C5–C7 level. (H) The sagittal enhanced T1WI displaying the multiple nodular NM located in the cauda equine, classified as the NI subtype. (I) The sagittal T2WI showing the giant metastasis with irregular boundary filling the entire lumber and sacral canal, identified as the NIIa subtype. (J) The sagittal T2WI presenting the NIIb NM as the massive tumor with distinct borders in the sacral canal. (K) The sagittal T2WI showing some intramedullary metastases in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord.