Table I.
Clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.
| Variable | TACE cases, n (%) | Surgery cases, n (%) | P-value | Total cases, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age >60 years | 13 (33.3) | 7 (22.6) | 0.323 | 20 (28.6) |
| Hypertension history | 16 (41.0) | 12 (38.7) | 0.844 | 28 (40.0) |
| Child-Pugh | <0.001 | |||
| A | 11 (28.2) | 29 (93.5) | 40 (57.1) | |
| B | 21 (53.8) | 1 (3.2) | 22 (31.4) | |
| C | 7 (18) | 1 (3.2) | 8 (11.4) | |
| AFP >400 ng/l | 27 (69.2) | 10 (32.3) | 0.002 | 37 (52.9) |
| ALT >3 N | 7 (17.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.015 | 7 (9.9) |
| AST >3 N | 17 (43.6) | 6 (19.4) | 0.032 | 23 (32.9) |
| TBIL >1.5 N | 11 (28.2) | 3 (9.7) | 0.104 | 14 (20.0) |
| ALB ≤35 g/l | 17 (43.6) | 7 (22.6) | 0.066 | 24 (34.3) |
| PT >16 sec | 4 (10.2) | 1 (3.2) | 0.505 | 5 (7.1) |
| Hb, g/l | <0.001 | |||
| >90 | 13 (33.3) | 25 (80.6) | 36 (51.4) | |
| 90-60 | 23 (59.0) | 6 (19.4) | 29 (41.4) | |
| <60 | 3 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.3) | |
| Scr >1.5 N | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.499 | 2 (2.9) |
| Positive HBsAg status | 35 (89.7) | 17 (54.8) | 0.002 | 52 (74.3) |
| Maximum tumor size, cm | 0.655 | |||
| ≥5 | 9 (23.1) | 8 (25.8) | 17 (24.3) | |
| >5 and ≤10 | 18 (46.2) | 11 (35.5) | 29 (41.4) | |
| >10 | 12 (30.7) | 12 (38.7) | 24 (34.3) | |
| Tumor number | 0.037 | |||
| Single | 18 (46.2) | 22 (70.9) | 40 (57.1) | |
| Multiple | 21 (53.8) | 9 (29.0) | 30 (42.9) | |
| Capsule formation | 0.208 | |||
| Yes | 18 (46.2) | 19 (61.3) | 37 (52.9) | |
| No | 21 (53.8) | 12 (38.7) | 33 (47.1) | |
| Vascular thrombus | 0.391 | |||
| Yes | 11 (28.2) | 6 (19.4) | 17 (24.3) | |
| No | 28 (71.8) | 25 (80.6) | 53 (75.7) | |
| Extrahepatic invasion | ||||
| Yes | 8 (20.5) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (11.4) | |
| No | 31 (79.5) | 31 (100) | 0.007 | 62 (88.6) |
| Shock | 5 (12.8) | 0 | 0.062 | 5 (7.1) |
| BCLC stage | 0.049 | |||
| A | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (1.4) | |
| B | 22 (56.4) | 24 (77.4) | 46 (65.7) | |
| C | 17 (43.6) | 6 (19.4) | 23 (32.9) | |
| Hospital admission >10 days | 9 (23.1) | 19 (61.3) | <0.001 | 28 (40.0) |
TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; AFP, α-fetoprotein; N, normal level; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL, total bilirubin; ALB, albumin; PT, prothrombin time; Scr, serum creatinine; HbsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.