Table 4.
Psychometric Properties of 10-Item Versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) Among Mexican Immigrants by Study Site
| Alpha (95% Cl) | Adjusted R2 of Full CES-D | Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive Predictive Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boston × 4a | |||||
| Total sample | .788 (.763-.812) | 89.5 | 94.0 | 83.4 | 76.5 |
| Study 1 | .792 (.734–885) | 88.0 | 91.7 | 84.7 | 83.0 |
| Study 2 | .786 (.699-.872) | 87.2 | 100.0 | 93.3 | 88.2 |
| Study 3 | .836 (.790-.881) | 93.5 | 95.5 | 87.1 | 82.4 |
| Study 4 | .786 (.699-.872) | 91.5 | 100.0 | 94.4 | 85.7 |
| Study 5 | .711 (.595-.827) | 88.1 | 87.5 | 81.3 | 77.8 |
| Study 6 | .758 (.700-.816) | 86.7 | 93.3 | 72.2 | 69.1 |
| Study 7 | .794 (.739-.848) | 88.6 | 96.9 | 83.9 | 67.4 |
| Boston × 2b | |||||
| Total sample | .731 (.700-.762) | 78.6 | 52.3 | 98.5 | 95.3 |
| Study 1 | .778 (.716-.841) | 75.8 | 58.3 | 98.3 | 96.6 |
| Study 2 | .743 (.636-.851) | 83.0 | 66.7 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Study 3 | .799 (.744-.854) | 84.2 | 63.6 | 98.6 | 96.6 |
| Study 4 | .743 (.636-.851) | 80.0 | 83.3 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Study 5 | .636 (.489-.784) | 78.9 | 41.7 | 96.9 | 90.9 |
| Study 6 | .654 (.571-.737) | 78.7 | 63.7 | 97.8 | 91.7 |
| Study 7 | .712 (.636-.788) | 75.6 | 46.9 | 98.9 | 93.8 |
| Cole formc | |||||
| Total sample | .719 (.687-.751) | 88.0 | 84.7 | 89.3 | 81.9 |
| Study 1 | .640 (.541-.738) | 82.2 | 83.3 | 89.8 | 87.0 |
| Study 2 | .753 (.653-.853) | 82.1 | 86.7 | 93.3 | 86.7 |
| Study 3 | .749 (.683-.815) | 90.6 | 81.8 | 94.3 | 90.0 |
| Study 4 | .753 (.653-.853) | 88.6 | 75.0 | 94.4 | 81.8 |
| Study 5 | .652 (.514-.790) | 86.1 | 83.3 | 81.3 | 76.9 |
| Study 6 | .693 (.620-.765) | 88.2 | 91.7 | 85.6 | 80.9 |
| Study 7 | .747 (.681-.814) | 89.6 | 81.3 | 88.2 | 70.3 |
Note: Adjusted R2 estimates are from equations where 20-item summary scores are regressed on 10-item summary scores. Standard for sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value is caseness for clinically significant depression based on score of 20 or higher on the full CES-D, and using cut-point of 10 for Boston × 4 and Cole forms, and a cut-point of 5 for Boston × 2 form. Study 1 = Downtown Los Angeles, collected in 1996; Study 2 = Michigan and Ohio, collected in 1998; Study 3 = Olathe/Montrose, Colorado (phase I), collected in 2001–2002; Study 4 = Olathe/Montrose, Colorado (phase II), collected in 2002; Study 5 = Grand Junction, Colorado, collected in 2001; Study 6 = Eastern North Carolina, collected in 2002; Study 7 = Eastern North Carolina, collected in 2003. CI = confidence interval.
10 items identified by Kohout, Berkman, Evans, and Cornoni-Huntley (1993) using four response categories.
10 items identified by Kohout and colleagues (1993) using dichotomous response categories.
10 items identified by Cole, Rabin, Smith, and Kaufman (2004).