Table 4.

Receptive and expressive language outcomes on BSID-III at 24 months according to maternal CD4 cell counts

	N	Raw scores					Delayed development
		Mean (SD)	Unadjusted		Adjusted*		Delayed, N (%)	Unadjusted		Adjusted*
			Mean difference (95% CI)	p value	Mean difference (95% CI)	p value		OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Receptive language
HIV-unexposed	556	21·10 (3·72)	0·00 (ref)	..	0·00 (ref)	..	40 (7%)	1·00 (ref)	..	1·00 (ref)	..
Maternal CD4 count >500 cells per μL	62	20·35 (3·24)	−0·74 (−1·71 to 0·22)	0·13	−0·48 (−1·45 to 0·49)	0·33	7 (11%)	1·64 (0·70 to 3·84)	0·25	1·56 (0·65 to 3·73)	0·32
Maternal CD4 count ≤500 cells per μL	86	19·27 (3·70)	−1·83 (−2·67 to −0·99)	<0·0001	−1·54 (−2·40 to −0·68)	0·0005	14 (16%)	2·51 (1·30 to 4·84)	0·0061	2·40 (1·19 to 4·83)	0·014
Expressive language
HIV-unexposed	542	24·45 (4·94)	0·00 (ref)	..	0·00 (ref)	..	31 (6%)	1·00 (ref)	..	1·00 (ref)	..
Maternal CD4 count >500 cells per μL	60	23·87 (5·04)	−0·58 (−1·92 to 0·76)	0·40	−0·16 (−1·50 to 1·18)	0·82	5 (8%)	1·50 (0·56 to 4·01)	0·42	1·42 (0·52 to 3·89)	0·50
Maternal CD4 count ≤500 cells per μL	81	22·09 (5·47)	−2·36 (−3·53 to −1·19)	<0·0001	−1·92 (−3·12 to −0·72)	0·0018	11 (14%)	2·59 (1·25 to 5·38)	0·011	2·73 (1·24 to 6·03)	0·013

ORs greater than 1 indicate higher risk of delay in that BSID-III domain (ie, poorer outcomes) versus the reference group; negative mean difference estimates indicate lower total raw scores in that domain (ie, poorer outcomes) versus the reference group. Maternal CD4 taken as the lowest CD4 from 1 year before to 3 months after delivery to reflect maternal immunosuppression during pregnancy with the highest sample size. OR=odds ratio. BSID-III=Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition.

^*Adjusted for child age, child sex, maternal education, household income, and maternal age.