Table 1.

Basal characterization of male and female mice at the same age (20 weeks old)

	RC		HFD
Characteristic	Male	Female	Male	Female
Body weight (g)	28.9 ± 0.5	22.1 ± 0.4**	36.5 ± 1.6	26.6 ± 0.8**
Body fat (%)	6.9 ± 1.1	11.5 ± 0.8*	24.8 ± 2.5	21.7 ± 1.9
Fasting insulin (μU ml−1)	9.1 ± 3.0	6.2 ± 1	19.3 ± 1.8	9.8 ± 1.9*
Clamped insulin (μU ml−1)	44.6 ± 2.7	42.7 ± 3.8	52.9 ± 7.8	47.4 ± 3.7
Glucose (mg dl−1)	113.8 ± 3.0	117.8 ± 6	115.4 ± 1.8	111.3 ± 3.4
Energy expenditure (kcal kg−1 h−1)	16.5 ± 0.5	17.4 ± 0.3	NA	NA
RER $\left({\dot{V}}_{{\text{O}}_2}/{\dot{V}}_{\text{C}{\text{O}}_2}\right)$	0.89 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.01	NA	NA
Caloric intake (kcal kg−1 h−1)	19.3 ± 1.2	16.7 ± 0.8	NA	NA
Volume drunk (ml kg−1 h−1)	1.4 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	NA	NA
Activity (counts h−1)	134 ± 18	210 ± 17*	NA	NA

Data are mean ± SEM of n = 8–10 mice per group.

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01 compared with male mice.

NA, not available.