(A) The APOBEC3 gene cluster is located on chromosome 22. Green arrows depict single deaminase domain family members. Blue arrows depict double deaminase domain family members.
(B) APOBEC3 enzymes deaminate cytosine resulting in a DNA uracil base.
(C) Molecular outcomes of APOBEC3-mediated deamination events include low-fidelity replication of uracil resulting in mutations, processing of uracils resulting in ssDNA nicks or dsDNA breaks, and high-fidelity excision and repair with no resulting DNA lesion.