Table 2.

Outcome at discharge of whole sample and distinct depressive subgroups; results of overlap groups are not presented

		Overall (n = 833)	Anxious (1) (n = 233)	Atypic (2) (n = 61)	Melancholic (3) (n = 43)	Unspecific (4) (n = 365)	p‐Valuea	Post‐testc
Early improvementc	Yes (%)	546 (66%)	139 (60%)	37 (61%)	39 (91%)	246 (67%)	0.0149	1–3 (0.022)
Responsec	Yes (%)	595 (71%)	166 (71%)	42 (69%)	37 (86%)	259 (71%)	0.39
Remissionc	Yes (%)	465 (56%)	125 (54%)	35 (57%)	25 (58%)	223 (61%)	0.93
Duration of hospital stayd (days)	Mean (median) ± IQR (range)	63.3 (55) ± 47.0 (1–363)	66.0 (56) ± 46.0	70.4 (56) ± 38.0	54.9 (44) ± 48.0	61.5 (50) ± 49.0	0.149$
MADRSb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD	11.2 (9.0) ± 8.83	12.1 (10.0) ± 9.20	11.1 (9.0) ± 8.86	9.4 (8.0) ± 8.69	10.1 (8.0) ± 8.34	0.267
Relative change of MADRSb	Mean (median) ± SD	–61.1 (−68.8) ± 31.8	−60.1 (−69.7) ± 34.0	−56.3 (−63.2) ± 35.0	−71.2 (−76.9) ± 26.2	−61.8 (−69.2) ± 31.8	0.369
Treatment resistance indexd (range 3–15)	Mean (median) ± IQR (range) [missing]	7.0 (7) ± 2.0 (4–13) [117]	7.0 (7) ± 2.0 [35]	7.0 (7) ± 2.0 [6]	7.0 (7) ± 2.0 [7]	6.9 (7) ± 2.0 [40]	0.743$
GAFb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	69.9 (70.0) ± 11.4 [83]	69.3 (70.0) ± 11.9 [23]	67.4 (70.0) ± 9.3 [2]	72.2 (70.0) ± 12.8 [3]	71.4 (70.0) ± 10.8 [45]	0.266
SOFASb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	68.4 (70.0) ± 11.5 [89]	68.3 (70.0) ± 11.2 [26]	65.6 (65.0) ± 10.9 [4]	70.8 (70.0) ± 12.0 [3]	69.5 (70.0) ± 11.6 [47]	0.368
NEO‐FFI neuroticismb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	2.2 (2.2) ± 0.67 [297]	2.3 (2.2) ± 0.67 [92]	2.3 (2.2) ± 0.62 [21]	2.0 (2.2) ± 0.63 [16]	2.1 (2.1) ± 0.67 [127]	0.258
NEO‐FFI extraversionb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	1.9 (1.9) ± 0.50 [297]	1.9 (1.9) ± 0.49 [92]	1.8 (1.9) ± 0.54 [21]	1.9 (1.9) ± 0.57 [16]	2.0 (2.0) ± 0.52 [127]	0.383
NEO‐FFI opennessb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	2.3 (2.2) ± 0.48 [297]	2.3 (2.2) ± 0.48 [92]	2.3 (2.4) ± 0.51 [21]	2.3 (2.2) ± 0.45 [16]	2.3 (2.2) ± 0.49 [127]	0.792
NEO‐FFI toleranceb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	2.6 (2.5) ± 0.44 [297]	2.6 (2.6) ± 0.45 [92]	2.5 (2.5) ± 0.40 [21]	2.6 (2.6) ± 0.46 [16]	2.6 (2.5) ± 0.43 [127]	0.838
NEO‐FFI conscientiousb at discharge	Mean (median) ± SD [missing]	2.6 (2.6) ± 0.53 [297]	2.5 (2.4) ± 0.56 [92]	2.6 (2.7) ± 0.50 [21]	2.7 (2.8) ± 0.56 [16]	2.6 (2.6) ± 0.53 [127]	0.0093	1–3 (0.01)

^aWald test for the subtype in a mixed regression model with centre as a random effect (logistic model for the three outcome criteria, Gaussian otherwise).

^bFor these variables, statistical group comparisons are adjusted for baseline MADRS‐scores, other variables at discharge are adjusted for their respective baseline values.

With square root transformation of the duration to support a Gaussian model.

^cPairwise comparisons were adjusted for multiple testing using Holm's method.

^dThe treatment resistance index was calculated based on the “Maudsley Staging” method with some modifications due to missing data as described in the main text.