Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical diagnoses using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition of patients with major depressive episodes
| Variable | Total MDEs (N = 859) | MDD (N = 552) | BD (N = 307) | Significance (MDD vs. BD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 47.3 ± 18.29 | 49.0 ± 18.82 | 44.3 ± 16.91 | <0.001* | ||
| Female sex, N (%) | 531 (61.8) | 358 (64.9) | 173 (56.4) | 0.014* | ||
| Diagnosis, N (%) | ||||||
| Bipolar I | 226 (73.6) | |||||
| Bipolar II | 81 (26.4) | |||||
| Specifiers, N (%) | 410 (47.7) | 251 (45.5) | 159 (51.8) | 0.026* | ||
| Anxious | 184 (21.4) | 151 (27.4) | 33 (10.7) | <0.001* | ||
| Mixed | 56 (6.5) | 12 (2.2) | 44 (14.3) | <0.001* | ||
| Melancholic | 29 (3.4) | 24 (4.3) | 5 (1.6) | 0.031* | ||
| Atypical | 13 (1.5) | 9 (1.6) | 4 (1.3) | 0.425 | ||
| Psychotic | 168 (19.6) | 78 (14.1) | 90 (29.3) | <0.001* | ||
| Catatonia | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (0.3) | >0.999 | ||
| Peripartum | 5 (0.6) | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0.458 | ||
| Seasonal | 18 (2.1) | 10 (1.8) | 8 (2.6) | 0.250 | ||
| Comorbidity, N (%) | ||||||
| Anxiety disorders | 41 (4.8) | 39 (7.1) | 3 (1.0) | 0.001* | ||
| Substance use disorders | 61 (7.1) | 40 (7.2) | 21 (6.8) | 0.652 | ||
| Personality disorders (PDs) | 144 (16.8) | 103 (18.7) | 41 (13.4) | 0.004* | ||
| Cluster A | 6 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0.726 | ||
| Cluster B | 111 (12.9) | 79 (14.3) | 32 (10.4) | 0.030* | ||
| Cluster C | 18 (2.1) | 14 (2.5) | 4 (1.3) | 0.093 | ||
| Other PD | 9 (1.0) | 6 (1.1) | 3 (1.0) | 0.691 | ||
Note. MDEs: major depressive episodes; MDD: major depressive disorder; BD: bipolar disorder.
*
P < 0.05.