Table 1.
Socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of the patient sample by diagnostic options
| Patients | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | GP diagnosis | GDS > 4 | HADS >7 | SCID diagnosis | 4 diagnosesa | No diagnosisa | |
| Overall (n, (%)) | 1,113 (100.0) | 271 (24.3) | 243 (21.8) | 210 (18.9) | 91 (8.2) | 38 (3.4) | 650 (58.4) |
| Age (in years) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 80.7 (4.5) | 80.9 (4.6) | 81.08 (4.8) | 81.7 (4.9) | 80.7 (4.5) | 81.4 (5.0) | 80.4 (4.5) |
| Age groups (n, (%)) | |||||||
| 75–79 | 545 (49.0) | 132 (48.7) | 110 (45.3) | 84 (40.0) | 45 (49.5) | 17 (44.7) | 336 (51.7) |
| 80–84 | 336 (30.2) | 77 (28.4) | 76 (31.3) | 69 (32.9) | 30 (33.0) | 11 (28.9) | 188 (28.9) |
| ≥ 85 | 232 (20.8) | 62 (22.9) | 57 (23.5) | 57 (27.1) | 16 (17.6) | 10 (26.3) | 126 (19.4) |
| Gender (n, (%)) | |||||||
| Male | 417 (37.5) | 54 (19.9) | 69 (28.4) | 66 (31.4) | 18 (19.8) | 6 (15.8) | 298 (45.8) |
| Female | 696 (62.5) | 217 (80.1) | 174 (71.6) | 144 (68.6) | 73 (80.2) | 32 (84.2) | 352 (54.2) |
| Education b (n, (%)) | |||||||
| High | 200 (18.0) | 34 (12.5) | 30 (12.3) | 27 (12.9) | 9 (9.9) | 6 (15.8) | 139 (21.4) |
| Middle | 292 (26.2) | 60 (22.1) | 72 (29.6) | 59 (28.1) | 16 (17.6) | 7 (18.4) | 177 (27.2) |
| Low | 615 (55.3) | 173 (63.8) | 141 (58.0) | 124 (59.0) | 65 (71.4) | 25 (65.8) | 332 (51.1) |
| Marital status b (n, (%)) | |||||||
| Married/with | 515 (46.3) | 102 (37.6) | 87 (35.8) | 70 (33.3) | 32 (35.2) | 7 (18.4) | 337 (51.8) |
| Spouse married/living apart | 22 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 5 (2.1) | 3 (1.4) | 4 (4.4) | 2 (5.3) | 16 (2.5) |
| Single | 47 (4.2) | 15 (5.5) | 5 (2.1) | 8 (3.8) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (2.6) | 28 (4.3) |
| Divorced | 62 (5.6) | 17 (6.3) | 17 (7.0) | 17 (8.1) | 9 (9.9) | 5 (13.2) | 32 (4.9) |
| Widowed | 466 (41.9) | 134 (49.4) | 129 (53.1) | 112 (53.3) | 44 (48.4) |
23 (60.5) |
236 (36.3) |
| IADL c (n, (%)) | |||||||
| Yes (impaired) | 700 (62.9) | 201 (74.2) | 200 (82.3) | 176 (83.8) | 72 (79.1) | 31 (81.6) | 348 (53.5) |
| No (unimpaired) | 413 (37.1) | 70 (25.8) | 43 (17.7) | 34 (16.2) | 19 (20.9) | 7 (18.4) | 302 (46.5) |
| CDS d (mean (SD)) | 5.1 (2.9) | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.8 (3.0) | 5.7 (2.9) | 5.3 (3.3) | 5.1 (3.4) | 4.9 (2.8) |
| VAS EQ‐5D e (mean (SD)) | 66.8 (19.1) | 62.2 (19.9) | 53.6 (18.9) | 56.1 (19.5) | 56.8 (22.0) | 48.2 (22.5) | 71.7 (16.8) |
| Intake of antidepressants f (n, (%)) | |||||||
| Yes | 144 (12.9) | 103 (38.0) | 54 (22.2) | 44 (21.0) | 27 (29.7) | 23 (60.5) | 25 (3.8) |
| No | 935 (84.0) | 160 (59.0) | 180 (74.1) | 155 (73.8) | 61 (67.0) | 13 (34.2) | 606 (93.2) |
| MMSE g (mean (SD)) | 27.3 (2.3) | 26.9 (2.7) | 26.7 (2.6) | 27.1 (2.5) | 27.1 (2.4) | 26.7 (2.5) | 27.6 (2.1) |
| HADS anxiety (mean (SD)) | 4.6 (3.2) | 6.2 (3.7) | 7.1 (3.7) | 7.1 (3.7) | 8.7 (3.8) | 9.7 (4.2) | 3.6 (2.5) |
| ESSI h (n, (%)) | |||||||
| High | 885 (79.5) | 195 (72.0) | 164 (67.5) | 137 (65.2) | 58 (63.7) | 20 (52.6) | 555 (85.4) |
| Low | 206 (18.5) | 69 (25.5) | 71 (29.2) | 67 (31.9) | 31 (34.1) | 17 (44.7) | 83 (12.8) |
Note: GP, general practitioner; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV; SD, standard deviation.
Depression according to GP, GDS, HADS and SCID. No depression according to GP, GDS, HADS and SCID.
n = 1107, educational classification according to the new CASMIN educational classification (Brauns & Steinmann, 1999). Low = inadequately completed general education, general elementary education, basic vocational qualification or general elementary education and vocational qualification; Middle = intermediate vocational qualification or intermediate general qualification and vocational qualification, intermediate general qualification, general maturity certificate, vocational maturity certificate/general maturity certificate and vocational qualification; High = lower tertiary education – general diplomas/diplomas with vocational emphasis, higher tertiary education – lower level/higher level.
n = 1112.
IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.
n = 1079, CDS, chronic disease score.
n = 1108, VAS EQ‐5D, current state of health/visual analogue scale.
n = 1079.
n = 1053; MMSE, mini‐mental‐state examination.
n = 1091, ESSI, enriched social support inventory.