Figure 3. Peripheral and BAL CD4⁺ T cells reflect a proportional shift toward effector profile during CD4R1 administration.

The proportions of residual effector (CD95⁺CD28^–, circles), memory (CD95⁺CD28⁺, squares), and naive (CD95^–CD28⁺, triangles) (A) CD4⁺ and (B) CD8⁺ T cells in the peripheral blood and (C) CD4⁺ and (D) CD8⁺ T cells in the BAL of SIVmac239-coinfected (n = 15, black) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 8, red) compared with LTBI NHPs (n = 10, blue) at week 11 after TB. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple testing correction. BAL (E) effector and (F) memory CD4⁺ cells quantification every 4 weeks starting at week 7 after TB. Coinfection and antibody administration shown by the dotted line. (G) qRT-PCR analysis of IL-2, IL-12B, and IL-17A collected from BAL cells at week 11 and week 15 after TB from SIV reactivators (n = 3, yellow) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 3, red). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, multiple t tests with Holm-Sidak method for multiple comparison correction. Data represent mean ± SEM.