Figure 4. Immunological analyses of Mtb/SIV-coinfected and CD4R1-administered NHPs reveal reactivation-associated immune impairment.
Transcriptomic results generated for necropsy lung tissue (n = 3 per group) using (A) InterPro, (B) DAVID Enriched Categories, and (C) KEGG Enriched Pathways. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 from necropsy lung cells of SIV reactivators (n = 3, yellow) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 3, red). (E) The concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 measured in the necropsy BAL supernatant of SIV reactivators (n = 3, yellow) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 5, red). (F) T cell expression of HLA-DR in necropsy lung and coexpression of migratory (CCR5 and CCR7), activation (CD69), and apoptotic (PD-1) markers measured in the (G) HLA-DR+ and (H) HLA-DR– T cell population. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Unpaired, 2-tailed t test used for F, and multiple, unpaired t tests used for G and H. Data represent mean ± SEM.