Table 3.

Research productivity of participants during residency (before FRCSC graduation)

Characteristic	No. of publications, mean ± SD
Total publications by FRCSC graduation year
Earlier than the 1980s (n = 15 graduates)	1.53 ± 1.71
1980s (n = 69 graduates)	1.42 ± 2.31
1990s (n = 95 graduates)	1.75 ± 3.68
2000s (n = 137 graduates)	4.58 ± 6.44
2010s (n = 78 graduates)	4.67 ± 6.48
Significance*	p < 0.001
First-author publications by FRCSC graduation year
Earlier than the 1980s (n = 15 graduates)	0.67 ± 1.19
1980s (n = 69 graduates)	0.76 ± 1.31
1990s (n = 95 graduates)	0.89 ± 1.97
2000s (n = 137 graduates)	2.19 ± 3.22
2010s (n = 78 graduates)	2.21 ± 3.58
Significance*	p < 0.001
Senior-author publications by FRCSC graduation year
Earlier than the 1980s (n = 15 graduates)	0.27 ± 0.57
1980s (n = 69 graduates)	0.18 ± 0.57
1990s (n = 95 graduates)	0.09 ± 0.32
2000s (n = 137 graduates)	0.21 ± 0.58
2010s (n = 78 graduates)	0.20 ± 0.61
Significance*	p = 0.46

FRCSC = Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada; SD = standard deviation.

^*Significance based on 1-way analysis of variance testing.