Table 1.
Linguistic characteristics of the stimuli
| Stimulus translation | IPA | Stimulus type | Related to target? | PoS | No. syllables | No. phonemes | RT (ms) | Accur.% | Freq.a | Old20b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ijsje ice-cream | (εisjə) | Target | N/A | Dim., noun | 2 | 4 | 473 | 99.5 | 2.59 | 1.85 |
| ijs ice | (εis) | Distr. | + | Noun | 1 | 2 | 530 | 99.9 | 3.18 | 1.25 |
| meisje little girl | (mεisjə) | Distr. | + | Dim., noun | 2 | 5 | 492 | 99.7 | 2.74 | 1.75 |
| reisjec short trip | (rεisjə) | Distr. | + | Dim., noun | 2 | 5 | 504 | 95.0 | 3.17 | 1.00 |
| kans chance | (kɑns) | Distr. | − | Noun | 1 | 4 | 496 | 99.6 | 2.62 | 1.05 |
| gebied area | (ɣəbi:t) | Distr. | − | Noun | 2 | 5 | 504 | 99.8 | 2.85 | 1.70 |
| blaadje little leaf | (bla:tjə) | Distr. | − | Dim. | 2 | 6 | 530 | 99.2 | 2.40 | 1.85 |
| Mean ± s.d. | 1.7 ± 0.49 | 4.4 ± 1.27 | 504.1 ± 20.50 | 98.96 ± 1.760 | 2.793 ± 0.2954 | 1.493 ± 0.3791 | ||||
N/A, not applicable; IPA, Internal Phonetics Association; Distr., distractor; semant., semantic; phon., phonological; PoS, part of speech; dim., diminutive; No., number; RT, response time; ms, milliseconds; accur., accuracy; freq., word frequencies; Old20, orthographic Levenshtein distance.
a
Word frequencies are expressed in Zipf's values; values from 1 to 3 represent low-frequency words and values from 4 to 7 high-frequency words.
b
The orthographic Levenshtein distance OLD20 was used to express phonological similarity between the target and the various distractors.
c
Data for this stimulus were not available in the Dutch lexicon project, therefore data for the word ‘reis’ (trip) are presented here.