Table 2.
Univariate factors of diabetes versus non-diabetes across different ethnicities of UAE national patients and immigrant ethnic groups of Arab non-nationals, Asian non-Arabs, Westerners and African.
| Variable | Arab non-national | Asian | Westerners | Africans | UAE nationals | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DM n = 99 | No DM n = 541 | P value | DM n = 272 | No DM n = 1411 | P value | DM n = 5 | No DM n = 51 | P value | DM n = 5 | No DM n = 22 | P value | DM n = 243 | No DM n = 554 | P value | |
| Age (years) mean ± SD | 49 ± 10 | 37 ± 11 | <0.001 | 44 ± 11 | 36 ± 9 | <0.001 | 39 ± 16 | 42 ± 13 | 0.649 | 38 ± 13 | 35 ± 9 | 0.546 | 51 ± 14 | 39 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 67 (68) | 392 (72) | 0.331 | 237 (87) | 1201 (85) | 0.338 | 2 (40) | 32 (63) | 0.320 | 3 (60) | 13 (59) | 0.970 | 131 (54) | 288 (52) | 0.617 |
| Female, n (%) | 32 (32) | 149 (28) | 0.331 | 35 (13) | 210 (15) | 0.338 | 3 (60) | 19 (37) | 0.320 | 2 (40) | 9 (41) | 0.970 | 112 (46) | 266 (48) | 0.617 |
| First-degree family history of diabetes, n (%) | 55 (56) | 203 (38) | 0.001 | 91 (33) | 241(17) | <0.001 | 0 | 12 (24) | 0.221 | 3 (60) | 5 (23) | 0.099 | 155 (64) | 319 (58) | 0.100 |
| Activity, n (%) | 62 (63) | 317 (59) | 0.453 | 136 (50) | 578 (41) | 0.006 | 2 (40) | 29 (57) | 0.469 | 3 (60) | 9 (41) | 0.438 | 55 (23) | 172 (31) | 0.015 |
| Snoring, n (%) | 39 (39) | 134 (25) | 0.003 | 78 (29) | 173 (12) | <0.001 | 2 (40) | 11 (22) | 0.352 | 0 | 1 (5) | 0.627 | 231 (95) | 541 (98) | 0.053 |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.380 | 0.155 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| Normal | 13 (13) | 117 (22) | 87 (32) | 629 (45) | 1 (20) | 19 (37) | 2 (40) | 9 (41) | 43 (18) | 158 (29) | |||||
| Overweight | 31 (31) | 219 (40) | 117 (43) | 596 (42) | 2 (40) | 24 (47) | 0 | 8 (36) | 80 (33) | 212 (38) | |||||
| Obese | 55 (56) | 204 (38) | 66 (24) | 182 (13) | 2 (40) | 8 (16) | 3 (60) | 5 (23) | 118 (49) | 182 (33) | |||||
| Waist circumference high, n (%) | 64 (65) | 237 (44) | <0.001 | 200 (74) | 849 (60) | <0.001 | 2 (40) | 12 (24) | 0.417 | 3 (60) | 9 (41) | 0.548 | 152 (63) | 253 (46) | <0.001 |
| High cholesterol | 65 (66) | 281 (52) | 0.012 | 136 (50) | 711 (50) | 0.906 | 4 (80) | 24 (47) | 0.160 | 3 (60) | 8 (36) | 0.332 | 98 (40) | 246 (44) | 0.285 |
| HDL, n (%) | 0.106 | 0.014 | 0.079 | 0.726 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| <1 for males & <1.3 for females | 43 (43) | 189 (35) | 118 (43) | 501 (36) | 3 (60) | 12 (24) | 2 (40) | 7 (32) | 132 (54) | 206 (37) | |||||
| ≥1 for males & ≥1.3 for females | 56 (57) | 352 (65) | 154 (57) | 910 (64) | 2 (40) | 39 (76) | 3 (60) | 15 (68) | 111 (46) | 348 (63) ** | |||||
| Triglycerides, n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.352 | 0.171 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
| <1.7 | 44 (44) | 362 (67) | 144 (53) | 912 (65) | 3 (60) | 40 (78) | 3 (60) | 19 (86) | 132 (54) | 432 (78) | |||||
| ≥1.7 | 55 (56) | 179 (33) | 128 (47) | 499 (35) | 2 (40) | 11 (22) | 2 (40) | 3 (14) | 111 (46) | 122 (22) | |||||
| Hypertension | 31 (31) | 110 (20) | 0.017 | 126 (46) | 477 (34) | <0.001 | 1 (20) | 14 (27) | 0.720 | 2 (40) | 5 (23) | 0.426 | 99 (41) | 103 (19) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 127 ± 18 | 120 ± 16 | <0.001 | 134 ± 22 | 127 ± 17 | <0.001 | 113 ± 12 | 121 ± 21 | 0.463 | 125 ± 17 | 123 ± 18 | 0.751 | 130 ± 21 | 123 ± 55 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean ± SD | 84 ± 10 | 80 ± 11 | <0.001 | 87 ± 13 | 84 ± 12 | <0.001 | 78 ± 12 | 81 ± 16 | 0.660 | 82 ± 13 | 79 ± 11 | 0.676 | 83 ± 12 | 84 ± 68 | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation; UAE, United Arab Emirates.