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. 2019 Nov 25;9:17445. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53822-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Micro-CT based evaluation of bone parameters in the scan (red) and control group (blue) using different VOIS: total VOI (TOT: DC + DP + FC + FP) - defect and adjacent bone fragments (top), defect VOI (DC + DP) – defect center and periphery (bottom). (a,d) Formed (solid) and resorbed (empty) bone volume (BV) in the femur defect (TV) given in percent per day. (b,e) Bone volume (BV) normalized to TV (DC + FC for TOT and DC for DC + DP). (c,f) Degree of bone mineralization given as ratio of bone volume with a density ≥645 mg HA/cm³ to the total osseous volume in the defect (threshold ≥395 mg HA/cm³). Control group: n = 8, scan group: n = 10. * indicates p < 0.05 determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test (a–e,f week 6)/Mann-Whitney U-test (f: week 5).