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. 2019 Nov 19;10:748. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00748

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Copyright © 2019 Teeli, Leszczyński, Krishnaswamy, Ogawa, Tsuchiya, Śmiech, Skarzynski and Taniguchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of progesterone synthesis and its molecular regulation by GATA and NR5A transcription factors in steroidogenic cells. STAR plays a role in transporting cholesterol to the mitochondria. p450scc converts cholesterol into pregnenolone in the mitochondria. Pregnenolone is finally converted to progesterone by 3β-HSD in steroidogenic cells. STAR and Cyp11a promoters contain evolutionally conserved GATA and NR5A/4A binding sites. GATA, NR4A1, and NR5A transcription factors control the expression of steroidogenic enzymes including STAR, p450scc/Cyp11a. NR5A1, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 5 Group A Member 1; NR5A2, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 5 Group A Member 2; NR4A1, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1; p450scc, cytochrome p450 side-chain cleavage enzyme; STAR, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; 3β-HSD, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.