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. 2019 Nov 19;10:748. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00748

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Copyright © 2019 Teeli, Leszczyński, Krishnaswamy, Ogawa, Tsuchiya, Śmiech, Skarzynski and Taniguchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation showing UPP and autophagy mediated proteolysis. A transcription factor, Nrf1 is liberated from the ER after stress and translocates to the nucleus, where it induces the expression of proteasome subunit genes through the ARE (antioxidant response element) by hetero-dimerizing with a small Maf (sMaf) protein. Selective autophagy is known to exert proteolysis through the recognition of unnecessary target protein via p62-LC3-autophagosome. Nrf1, NF-E2-related factor 1; sMAF, small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma proteins; ARE, antioxidant response element; Ub, Ubiquitin; LC3, Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; UBA, Ubiquitin-Associated domain.