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. 2019 Nov 25;9:17462. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53846-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels in J774A.1 cells at 24 hours after phagocytosis. Summarised results showing the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in J774A.1 cells at 24 hours after phagocytosis of E. coli (EC), ATCC 19606 (AB), and 3 representative strains R1, R3, and R5. The mRNA levels of (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-1β, (c) IL-6, (d) MIP-2, and (e) IL-10 were analysed by real-time PCR. Bar graph data represent the mean ± SEM and are compiled from 2 independent experiments (n = 3 for each experiment). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (**P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; Student’s t-test).