Table 1.
Study | Setting | Study population and design | Definition of villous atrophy and sampling site | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recruitment | Age | Biopsy-proven CeD? | Representative population?a | Newly diagnosed CeD? | Prospectively taken follow-up biopsy? | |||
Bardella et al. (2007) | Italy (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults and children | Yes | No | No | No | Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum |
Cammarota et al. (2007) | Italy (2-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum |
Carroccio et al. (2008) | Italy (single-center) | Consecutive symptomatic pts and randomly selected matched asymptomatic pts | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum |
Ciacci et al. (2002) | Italy (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | No | Marsh 3, small intestine |
Cornell et al. (2016) | Poland (single-center) | Consecutive volunteer | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Marsh 3, duodenum |
Dickey et al. (2008) | Northern Ireland (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Marsh 3, duodenum |
Fang et al. (2017) | The USA (Single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults | (?) | No | No | No | Corazza-Villanacci B1−2, duodenum |
Ghazzawi et al. (2014) | The USA (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Children | Yes | Yes | No | No | Marsh 3, small intestine |
Haere et al. (2016) | Norway (single-center) | Consecutive pts by invitation | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum |
Kaukinen et al. (2007) | Finland (single-center) | Consecutive pts with persistent villous atrophy and randomly selected pts with mucosal recovery | Adults | (?) | Yes | No | No | Vh/Cr<2, duodenum, jejunum |
Kemppainen et al. (1998) | Finland (single-center) | Post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | No | Not reported (“atrophic”), duodenum |
Koskinen et al. (2010) | Finland (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults and children | Yes | No | Yes/Nob | Yes | Vh/Cr<2, jejunum |
Lebwohl et al. (2013a,b); Lebwohl et al. (2014, 2015a,b), Emilsson et al. (2018), Ludvigsson et al. (2018), Kurien et al. (2018) | Sweden (28-center) | Consecutive pts (nationwide sample) | Adults and children | Yes | Yes | No | No | Marsh 3, small intestine |
Leonard et al. (2017) | Italy (2-center) | Consecutive pts | Children | Yes | Yes | No | No | Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum |
Mahadev et al. (2017) | North-America, Ireland, UK, Norway, and Finland (multicenter) | Post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial | Adults | (?) | No | No | No | Vh/Cr≤2, duodenum |
Pekki et al. (2015) | Finland (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults | Yes | Yes | (?) | Yes | Vh/Cr<2, duodenum |
Pekki et al. (2017) | Finland (single-center) | Consecutive volunteers | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | No | Vh/Cr (“atrophic”), small intestine |
Rubio-Tapia et al. (2010) | The USA (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | No | Vh/Cr<3, duodenum |
Selby et al. (1999) | Australia (single-center) | Symptomatic and asymptomatic pts from a previous food-intolerance study | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | No | Vh/Cr<2, duodenum |
Souroujon et al. (1982) | Israel (single-center) | Consecutive pts | Adults and Children | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not reported (“atrophic”), small intestine |
Thornquist et al. (1993) | Norway (single-center) | Consecutive pts by invitation | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes/Noc | Alexander III-IV, jejunum |
Tuire et al. (2012) | Finland (single-center) | Consecutive volunteers | Adults | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Marsh 3, duodenum |
Valdimarsson et al. (1994) | Sweden (single-center) | Consecutive pts with persistent villous atrophy and matched pts with mucosal recovery | Adults | (?) | Yes | No | No | Alexander III-IV, small intestine |
Walters et al. (1995) | UK (single center) | Consecutive pts by invitation | Adults | Yes | No | No | Yes/Noc | Not reported (“atrophic”), small intestine |
Study population is considered representative to the average CeD population if the study avoided inappropriate exclusions.
The study observed a group of newly diagnosed CeD patients for the short-term and a group of followed-up patients for the long-term.
Not all patients were newly diagnosed.
(?) indicates uncertainty. CeD, celiac disease; pts, patients; Vh/Cr, villous height/crypt depth ratio.