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. 2019 Nov 19;10:1408. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01408

Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies included.

Study Setting Study population and design Definition of villous atrophy and sampling site
Recruitment Age Biopsy-proven CeD? Representative population?a Newly diagnosed CeD? Prospectively taken follow-up biopsy?
Bardella et al. (2007) Italy (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults and children Yes No No No Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum
Cammarota et al. (2007) Italy (2-center) Consecutive pts Adults Yes Yes No Yes Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum
Carroccio et al. (2008) Italy (single-center) Consecutive symptomatic pts and randomly selected matched asymptomatic pts Adults Yes Yes No Yes Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum
Ciacci et al. (2002) Italy (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults Yes Yes No No Marsh 3, small intestine
Cornell et al. (2016) Poland (single-center) Consecutive volunteer Adults Yes Yes No Yes Marsh 3, duodenum
Dickey et al. (2008) Northern Ireland (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults Yes Yes No Yes Marsh 3, duodenum
Fang et al. (2017) The USA (Single-center) Consecutive pts Adults (?) No No No Corazza-Villanacci B1−2, duodenum
Ghazzawi et al. (2014) The USA (single-center) Consecutive pts Children Yes Yes No No Marsh 3, small intestine
Haere et al. (2016) Norway (single-center) Consecutive pts by invitation Adults Yes Yes No Yes Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum
Kaukinen et al. (2007) Finland (single-center) Consecutive pts with persistent villous atrophy and randomly selected pts with mucosal recovery Adults (?) Yes No No Vh/Cr<2, duodenum, jejunum
Kemppainen et al. (1998) Finland (single-center) Post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial Adults Yes Yes No No Not reported (“atrophic”), duodenum
Koskinen et al. (2010) Finland (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults and children Yes No Yes/Nob Yes Vh/Cr<2, jejunum
Lebwohl et al. (2013a,b); Lebwohl et al. (2014, 2015a,b), Emilsson et al. (2018), Ludvigsson et al. (2018), Kurien et al. (2018) Sweden (28-center) Consecutive pts (nationwide sample) Adults and children Yes Yes No No Marsh 3, small intestine
Leonard et al. (2017) Italy (2-center) Consecutive pts Children Yes Yes No No Marsh-Oberhuber 3a−c, duodenum
Mahadev et al. (2017) North-America, Ireland, UK, Norway, and Finland (multicenter) Post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial Adults (?) No No No Vh/Cr≤2, duodenum
Pekki et al. (2015) Finland (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults Yes Yes (?) Yes Vh/Cr<2, duodenum
Pekki et al. (2017) Finland (single-center) Consecutive volunteers Adults Yes Yes No No Vh/Cr (“atrophic”), small intestine
Rubio-Tapia et al. (2010) The USA (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults Yes Yes No No Vh/Cr<3, duodenum
Selby et al. (1999) Australia (single-center) Symptomatic and asymptomatic pts from a previous food-intolerance study Adults Yes Yes No No Vh/Cr<2, duodenum
Souroujon et al. (1982) Israel (single-center) Consecutive pts Adults and Children Yes Yes Yes Yes Not reported (“atrophic”), small intestine
Thornquist et al. (1993) Norway (single-center) Consecutive pts by invitation Adults Yes Yes No Yes/Noc Alexander III-IV, jejunum
Tuire et al. (2012) Finland (single-center) Consecutive volunteers Adults Yes Yes No Yes Marsh 3, duodenum
Valdimarsson et al. (1994) Sweden (single-center) Consecutive pts with persistent villous atrophy and matched pts with mucosal recovery Adults (?) Yes No No Alexander III-IV, small intestine
Walters et al. (1995) UK (single center) Consecutive pts by invitation Adults Yes No No Yes/Noc Not reported (“atrophic”), small intestine
a

Study population is considered representative to the average CeD population if the study avoided inappropriate exclusions.

b

The study observed a group of newly diagnosed CeD patients for the short-term and a group of followed-up patients for the long-term.

c

Not all patients were newly diagnosed.

(?) indicates uncertainty. CeD, celiac disease; pts, patients; Vh/Cr, villous height/crypt depth ratio.