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. 2019 Aug 2;101(5):1056–1074. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioz131

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Evaluation of different motility parameters ((A) percentage of total motile or TM; (B) percentage of progressively motile or PM; (C) ALH; and (D) VCL) during 6 h incubation of stallion spermatozoa in (1) CM, (2) CM + 2.5 mM procaine, (3) CM lacking NaCl, and (4) CM lacking Na⁺ (pH = 7.4) (n = 4 samples in each group; three replicates). Hyperactivated motility in sperm suspensions was triggered by direct exposure to 2.5 mM procaine, whereas the medium with reduced or no Na⁺ did not have this effect. For percentage of progressively motile, ALH and VCL, values that differ (P < 0.05) are indicated by different small letters.