TABLE 5.

Bottle-feeding problems: popular sociocultural and clinical advice which disrupts parent–infant biobehavioral synchrony compared with Neuroprotective Developmental Care strategies which promote parent–infant biobehavioral synchrony.

Bottle-feeding: infant cue	Most likely cause	Popular diagnoses or advice	Neuroprotective Developmental Care strategy
Back-arching and fussing	Positional instability	Oral ties, oesophagitis, reflux, wind pain or gas, colic, allergy	Paced bottle-feeding
Back-arching and fussing	Does not want more milk; pressure on feeds due to spacing	Oral ties, oesophagitis, reflux, wind pain or gas, colic, allergy	Paced bottle-feeding
Back-arching and fussing	Conditioned hyperarousal of SNS	Oral ties, oesophagitis, reflux, wind pain or gas, colic, allergy	Paced bottle-feeding, health professional support to build enjoyable feeding associations