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. 2019 Nov 11;2019:1278301. doi: 10.1155/2019/1278301

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Time course of M1 and M2 marker mRNA expression in human macrophages. PDBu-differentiated THP-1 macrophages or M-CSF-differentiated human primary macrophages were left untreated (MΦ) or treated with IFN-γ and LPS (THP-1: 5/10 ng/ml; primary: 20/100 ng/ml; IFN-γ+LPS) or IL-4 (25 ng/ml) for 3-72 hours. mRNA expression of M1 (CXCL11 (a, d); CCR7 (b, e), and IL-1β (c, f)) and M2 (MRC-1 (g, j); CCL18 (h, k); CCL22 (i, l)) markers were determined by RT-qPCR and expressed relative to untreated macrophages (MΦ). Results presented as mean ± SEM, n = 4‐8. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. MΦ (1-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test).