Table 3. In vitro production of the glyphosate metabolite AMPA by E. coli-expressed EcAKR4-1 enzyme in the reaction mixture (3 mL), as affected by respective addition of the following ingredients, 3 h after incubation with glyphosate at 25°C.

Data are means ± se (n = 3).

Ingredient in the Reaction Mix	pH	AMPA (µg mL−1)
NADPH (0.1 mm)	7.4	0.149 (0.006)
NADP+ (0.1 mm)	5.8	3.436 (0.095)
NADP+/NADPH (0.1 mm)	6.5	3.955 (0.058)
NADP+/NADPH (0.1 mm)	7.5	4.219 (0.168)
Plant tissue (0.3-mL boiled water extract)	6.8	94.33 (1.209)
Plant tissue (0.3 mL) + NADP+/NADPH (0.1 mm of each)	6.7	95.09 (2.432)