Table 4.

Baseline and time-varying factors associated with miscarriage in women living with HIV, WIHS 1994-2017

Variable	Level	aOR	95% CI		p-value
Insurance (baseline)	Yes (ref: No)	2.30	1.12	4.72	0.024
Number male partners	5-24 (ref: 0-4)	1.05	0.55	1.99	0.885
	>=25 (ref: 0-4)	1.02	0.49	2.14	0.955
Prior miscarriage	Yes (ref: No)	1.25	0.73	2.14	0.412
Alcohol use (previous visit)	Drinkers (ref: abstainers)	2.96	1.71	5.12	<0.001
Marijuana use (previous visit)	Yes (ref: No)	1.58	0.75	3.32	0.226
Cigarette smoking (previous visit)	Yes (ref: No)	2.20	1.26	3.85	0.006
Pregnancy year	1998-2001 (ref: 1994-1997)	1.02	0.45	2.34	0.961
	2002-2005 (ref: 1994-1997)	0.80	0.37	1.75	0.576
	>=2006 (ref: 1994-1997)	1.30	0.56	3.05	0.540
HIV viral load <4 log10 copies/mL (previous visit)	Yes (ref: No)	0.45	0.24	0.84	0.013
ART regimen	cART containing II, NRTI, NNRTI (ref: No cART)	0.69	0.34	1.40	0.302
	cART containing PI (ref: No cART)	0.40	0.21	0.79	0.008

Mixed models with random intercept and unstructured covariance matrix

aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ref: reference; WIHS: Women's Interagency HIV Study; cART: combination highly active antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI: protease inhibitor

p-values are two-tailed