Table 2.

Characteristics of patients by survival status.

Characteristics		Died (n=226)	Survived (n=1,417)	Std. Diff. (d)	p-value^‡
Demographics	Age, mean years (SD)	69.5 (10.1)	64.5 (9.9)	0.50	<0.001
	Women	28%	22%	0.14	0.046
	Body Mass Index, kg/m²				0.022
	< 18.5	2.2%	0.4%	0.16
	18.5-24.9	19%	17%	0.04
	25.0-29.9	41%	40%	0.02
	30.0-34.9	23%	28%	0.11
	≥ 35.0	15%	15%	0.01
Comorbidities	COPD	21%	12%	0.25	<0.001
	Smoker	27%	23%	0.10	0.148
	Diabetes	53%	36%	0.36	<0.001
	Vascular Disease	42%	25%	0.39	<0.001
	Preoperative serum creatinine, mg/dL (SD)	1.29 (0.80)	1.13 (1.05)	0.17	0.030
	AKI Network Stage				<0.001
	No AKI	47%	68%	0.44
	Stage 1	41%	29%	0.25
	Stage 2	6.0%	2.0%	0.21
	Stage 3	6.0%	1.0%	0.28
Cardiac History, Function, and Anatomy	Preoperative MI				0.008
	No	47%	57%	0.22
	< 24 hours	0.9%	1.9%	0.09
	> 24 hours, < 7 days	22%	18%	0.10
	> 7 days, < 365 days	15%	9.1%	0.17
	> 365 days	16%	14%	0.07
	Prior CABG	2.7%	1.9%	0.05	0.451
	Prior PCI	3.5%	3.7%	0.01	0.923
	Hypertension	85%	80%	0.12	0.109
	Atrial Fibrillation	16%	5.5%	0.33	<0.001
	Congestive heart failure	30%	7.8%	0.58	<0.001
	Unstable angina	54%	54%	0.004	0.955
	Ejection Fraction (SD)	49.1 (13.5)	54.6 (11.5)	0.44
	Left main, ≥ 50% stenosis	39%	33%	0.14	0.050
Procedural Practice	Priority				0.060
	Non-urgent	25%	32%	0.14
	Urgent	74%	66%	0.17
	Emergent	0.9%	2.1%	0.10
	Preoperative IABP	5.8%	4.2%	0.07	<0.001
	Received PRBC	60%	34%	0.55	<0.001
	PRBC, units (SD)	2.40 (3.68)	0.95 (1.73)	0.50	<0.001

SD= standard deviation; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AKI= acute kidney disease; MI= myocardial infarction; CABG= coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI= percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP= intraaortic balloon pump; PRBC= packed red blood cells

p-values calculated with chi-squared for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for continuous variables