Table 10.
Associations among cumulative socio-ecological risk indexes and child sleep problem trajectories
| Multinomial regression models | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Indexes | Mild sleep problems over time | Increased middle childhood sleep problems | Limited infant/preschool sleep problems | Persistent sleep problems through middle childhood | ||||
| OR 95% CI | p-value | OR 95% CI | p-value | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | p-value | ||
| Birth risks | 1.35 (0.67, 2.71) | 0.394 | 2.44 (1.41, 4.25) | 0.002 | 1.99 (1.01, 3.92) | 0.046 | 1.74 (0.77, 3.93) | 0.18 |
| Family risks | ||||||||
| Mother-reported | 2.27 (1.64, 3.12) | <0.001 | 3.03 (2.21, 4.14) | <0.001 | 3.07 (2.16, 4.36) | <0.001 | 5.85 (4.01, 8.52) | <0.001 |
| Father-reported | 1.76 (1.29, 2.39) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.49, 2.67) | <0.001 | 2.13 (1.49, 3.05) | <0.001 | 2.62 (1.72, 3.99) | <0.001 |
| Parenting risks | ||||||||
| Mother-reported | 0.79 (0.49, 1.29) | 0.362 | 2.36 (1.61, 3.44) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.22, 3.04) | 0.005 | 1.80 (1.04, 3.11) | 0.034 |
| Father-reported | 1.15 (0.58, 2.27) | 0.677 | 2.56 (1.45, 4.50) | 0.001 | 0.69 (0.32, 1.47) | 0.341 | 2.73 (1.17, 6.40) | 0.020 |
| Socioeconomic risks | 2.33 (1.82, 2.99) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.10, 1.78) | 0.006 | 1.42 1.05, 1.93) | 0.022 | 3.09 (2.21, 4.32) | <0.001 |
| Neighborhood risks | 1.47 (1.04, 2.06) | 0.026 | 1.11 (0.81, 1.53) | 0.482 | 1.15 0.75, 1.76) | 0.497 | 1.30 (0.82, 2.08) | 0.257 |
| Multivariate logistic regression models | ||||||||
| Risk Indexes | Mild sleep problems over time | Increased middle childhood sleep problems | Limited infant/preschool sleep problems | Persistent sleep problems through middle childhood | ||||
| OR 95% CI | p-value | OR 95% CI | p-value | OR 95% CI | p-value | OR 95% CI | p-value | |
| Birth risks | - | - | 2.15 (1.07, 4.32) | 0.031 | 1.32 (0.56, 3.08) | 0.515 | - | - |
| Family risks | ||||||||
| Mother-reported | 1.84 (1.24, 2.72) | 0.002 | 2.38 (1.60, 3.54) | <0.001 | 2.47 (1.64, 3.72) | <0.001 | 4.41 (2.69, 7.24) | <0.001 |
| Father-reported | 1.45 (1.03, 2.05) | 0.032 | 1.41 (1.00, 1.96) | 0.045 | 1.56 (1.06, 2.29) | 0.022 | 1.49 (0.90, 2.46) | 0.113 |
| Parenting risks | ||||||||
| Mother-reported | - | - | 1.93 (1.08. 3.46) | 0.026 | 1.25 (0.66, 2.33) | 0.486 | 1.05 (0.51, 2.15) | 0.889 |
| Father-reported | - | - | 1.56 (0.844, 2.87) | 0.155 | 1.55 (0.59, 4.09) | 0.368 | ||
| Socioeconomic risks | 2.06 (1.50, 2.83) | <0.001 | 1.22 (0.92, 1.62) | 0.158 | 1.30 (0.93, 1.83) | 0.121 | 2.14 (1.41, 3.28) | <0.001 |
| Neighborhood risks | 1.03 (0.66, 1.61) | 0.882 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Note. OR = odds ratio. Multivariate logistic regressions include only those risk indexes associated with trajectories at p<.05 in multinomial analyses.