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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 Aug 20;223(1):256–266. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.012

Table 6.

Results of Dunn’s test post hoc analysis with a Holm– Šidák adjustment for serum PFAS (N=213).

Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test PFHxS Total PFOS Total PFOA PFNA PFHpS
Difference in Rank Sum p-value Difference in Rank Sum p-value Difference in Rank Sum p-value Difference in Rank Sum p-value Difference in Rank Sum p-value
Home water district
Fountain vs. Security −4.26 < 0.001 −2.72 0.007 −2.41 0.02 −0.56 0.29 −2.62 0.01
Fountain vs. Widefield −1.87 0.03 −2.96 0.005 −1.71 0.09 −1.20 0.31 −1.62 0.10
Security vs Widefield 2.40 0.02 −0.52 0.30 0.60 0.27 −0.79 0.38 0.93 0.18
Bottled water use (as of date questionnaire was administered)
Mostly/only tap vs. Half tap/half bottled 2.34 0.02 0.64 0.26 2.16 0.03 −0.59 0.28 1.32 0.18
Mostly/only tap vs. mostly/only bottled 3.66 < 0.001 2.38 0.03 3.31 0.001 1.46 0.14 2.31 0.03
Half tap/half bottled vs. mostly/only bottled 0.29 0.39 1.04 0.28 0.22 0.41 1.59 0.16 0.34 0.37
2012–2015 workplace served by contaminated water district
No vs. Yes 0.36 0.36 1.33 0.09 0.64 0.26 3.00 0.001 0.42 0.33
Sex
Female vs. Male −0.65 0.26 −3.40 < 0.001 −0.81 0.21 −0.84 0.20 −2.20 0.01
Race/Ethnicity
NH White vs. Hispanic 2.74 0.009 2.25 0.04 2.52 0.01 −0.17 0.43 2.57 0.02
NH White vs. NH Non-White 1.66 0.09 0.39 0.35 2.86 0.006 −0.69 0.57 0.55 0.29
Hispanic vs. NH Non-White −0.82 0.21 −1.42 0.15 0.26 0.40 −0.40 0.57 −1.54 0.12
Smoking Status
Never vs. Former −4.14 < 0.001 −3.94 < 0.001 −3.06 0.001 −0.95 0.17 −3.64 < 0.001
Firefighter (ever)
No vs. Yes −0.22 0.41 −2.21 0.01 −0.25 0.40 −0.45 0.33 −0.78 0.22
Military (Ever)
No vs. Yes −0.13 0.45 −2.41 0.008 −0.04 0.48 −1.05 0.15 −1.20 0.11

Abbreviations: PFAS, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances; N, number of observations; NH, non-Hispanic; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; Total PFOS, sum of linear perfluorooctane sulfonate and sum of perfluoromethylheptane sulfonate isomers; Total PFOA, Sum of linear and branched perfluorooctanoate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; PFHpS, perfluoroheptane sulfonate

1

There were no branched perfluorooctanoates (PFOA) detected in any samples, therefore the “Total PFOA” value represents just the linear PFOA.