Table 6.
Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test | PFHxS | Total PFOS | Total PFOA | PFNA | PFHpS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difference in Rank Sum | p-value | Difference in Rank Sum | p-value | Difference in Rank Sum | p-value | Difference in Rank Sum | p-value | Difference in Rank Sum | p-value | |
Home water district | ||||||||||
Fountain vs. Security | −4.26 | < 0.001 | −2.72 | 0.007 | −2.41 | 0.02 | −0.56 | 0.29 | −2.62 | 0.01 |
Fountain vs. Widefield | −1.87 | 0.03 | −2.96 | 0.005 | −1.71 | 0.09 | −1.20 | 0.31 | −1.62 | 0.10 |
Security vs Widefield | 2.40 | 0.02 | −0.52 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.27 | −0.79 | 0.38 | 0.93 | 0.18 |
Bottled water use (as of date questionnaire was administered) | ||||||||||
Mostly/only tap vs. Half tap/half bottled | 2.34 | 0.02 | 0.64 | 0.26 | 2.16 | 0.03 | −0.59 | 0.28 | 1.32 | 0.18 |
Mostly/only tap vs. mostly/only bottled | 3.66 | < 0.001 | 2.38 | 0.03 | 3.31 | 0.001 | 1.46 | 0.14 | 2.31 | 0.03 |
Half tap/half bottled vs. mostly/only bottled | 0.29 | 0.39 | 1.04 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 1.59 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.37 |
2012–2015 workplace served by contaminated water district | ||||||||||
No vs. Yes | 0.36 | 0.36 | 1.33 | 0.09 | 0.64 | 0.26 | 3.00 | 0.001 | 0.42 | 0.33 |
Sex | ||||||||||
Female vs. Male | −0.65 | 0.26 | −3.40 | < 0.001 | −0.81 | 0.21 | −0.84 | 0.20 | −2.20 | 0.01 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
NH White vs. Hispanic | 2.74 | 0.009 | 2.25 | 0.04 | 2.52 | 0.01 | −0.17 | 0.43 | 2.57 | 0.02 |
NH White vs. NH Non-White | 1.66 | 0.09 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 2.86 | 0.006 | −0.69 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.29 |
Hispanic vs. NH Non-White | −0.82 | 0.21 | −1.42 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.40 | −0.40 | 0.57 | −1.54 | 0.12 |
Smoking Status | ||||||||||
Never vs. Former | −4.14 | < 0.001 | −3.94 | < 0.001 | −3.06 | 0.001 | −0.95 | 0.17 | −3.64 | < 0.001 |
Firefighter (ever) | ||||||||||
No vs. Yes | −0.22 | 0.41 | −2.21 | 0.01 | −0.25 | 0.40 | −0.45 | 0.33 | −0.78 | 0.22 |
Military (Ever) | ||||||||||
No vs. Yes | −0.13 | 0.45 | −2.41 | 0.008 | −0.04 | 0.48 | −1.05 | 0.15 | −1.20 | 0.11 |
Abbreviations: PFAS, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances; N, number of observations; NH, non-Hispanic; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; Total PFOS, sum of linear perfluorooctane sulfonate and sum of perfluoromethylheptane sulfonate isomers; Total PFOA, Sum of linear and branched perfluorooctanoate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; PFHpS, perfluoroheptane sulfonate
There were no branched perfluorooctanoates (PFOA) detected in any samples, therefore the “Total PFOA” value represents just the linear PFOA.