Fig. 2.
(a) Comparison of simulated (lines) and measured (points) maximum temperature (black) and thermal dose (red) for 300-s exposure, free field ISPTA = 1100 ± 110 W/cm2, 6-mm trajectory diameter. The simulation was calibrated (see text) to match the temperature at the centre. Measurements at other distances from the centre represent validation data. Measurement uncertainty (variability) increased significantly as the the FUS beam approached the TC. Although maximum temperature variation within the exposed ring never exceeded 2°C, this translates into thermal dose variations of up to 120 CEM43. (b) Simulated temperature distributions through the collagen layer (within the PVA–collagen–PVA gel sandwich) at time points during and directly after the FUS exposure shown in (a). Dashed lines indicate transducer trajectories.