Table 1.
Previous multifactor models of MADRS items
| Study | Language | N | % Male | Participants | Number | Extraction | Rotation | Factor (items) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Two‐factor models | ||||||||
| Rocca et al. (2002) | Italian | 100 | 33 | Dysthymic outpatients | NR | PCA | NR | Global (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) |
| Somatic (4, 5) | ||||||||
| Three‐factor models | ||||||||
| Galinowski and Lehert (1995) | French | 137 | 64 | Depressed patients | Kaiser | PCA | Unrotated | Factor 1 (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) |
| Factor 2 (4, 5) | ||||||||
| Factor 3 (3, 6) | ||||||||
| Andersson et al. (1999) | Norwegian | 72 | 79 | Brain injury patients | NR | PCA | Oblimin | Depressed mood (1, 2, 3, 9) |
| Somatic symptoms (3, 4, 5) | ||||||||
| Negative symptoms (6, 7, 8) | ||||||||
| Benazzi (2001) (Unipolar) | Italian | 306 | 37 | Unipolar outpatients | NR | SMC | Varimax | Factor 1 (1, 2, 8, 10) |
| Factor 2 (3, 4) | ||||||||
| Factor 3 (6, 7, 8, 9) | ||||||||
| Benazzi (2001) (Bipolar II) | Italian | 251 | 30 | Bipolar outpatients | NR | SMC | Varimax | Factor 1 (1, 2) |
| Factor 2 (4, 5) | ||||||||
| Factor 3 (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) | ||||||||
| Parker et al. (2003) | English | 225 | NR | Elderly patients | Kaiser Cattell | EFA | Promax | Dysphoric Apathy (1, 2, 6, 7, 8) |
| Psychic Anxiety (3, 9, 10) | ||||||||
| Vegetative Symptoms (4, 5) | ||||||||
| Gabryelewicz et al. (2004) | Polish | 102 | 29 | Neurological outpatients | Kaiser | PCA | Varimax | Anhedonia‐Pessimism (1, 2, 8, 9) |
| Anxiety‐Vegetative (3, 4, 5, 10) | ||||||||
| Cognitive‐Inhibition (6, 7) | ||||||||
| Suzuki et al. (2005) | Japanese | 132 | 39 | Depressed participants | Kaiser | PCA | Promax/ Varimax | Dysphoria (2, 9, 10) |
| Retardation (1, 6, 7, 8) | ||||||||
| Vegetative (3, 4, 5) | ||||||||
| Farner et al. (2009) | Norwegian | 163 | 50 | Elderly stroke patients | Kaiser Scatter | PCA | Oblimin | Anhedonia (5, 7, 8, 10) |
| Sadness (1, 2, 9, 10) | ||||||||
| Agitation (3, 6, 4) | ||||||||
| Four‐factor models | ||||||||
| Craighead and Evans (1996) | English | 340 | 33 | Psychiatric inpatients | Cattell | MLE | Promax | Cognitive‐Pessimism (1, 2, 9, 10) |
| Affective (1,7, 8) | ||||||||
| Cognitive‐Anxious (3, 6) | ||||||||
| Vegetative (4, 5) | ||||||||
| Williamson et al. (2006) | English | 788 | 37 | Bipolar depressed patients | NR | PCA | Equimax | Sadness (1, 2) |
| Negative Thoughts (9, 10) | ||||||||
| Detachment (6, 7, 8) | ||||||||
| Neurovegatative (3, 4, 5) | ||||||||
Note: NR = Not reported; PCA = principal components analysis; MLE = maximum likelihood estimation; SMC = squared‐multiple correlation; Kaiser = Kaiser criterion (eigenvalue > 1 rule); Cattell = Cattell criteria (scree test).