Table 3.
Reference | Participants | Inactivity | Countermeasure | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moore et al.71
14 days SR + RT |
14 male older adults (71 year, 25% body fat) >3500 step/day |
Activity by SenseWear. Steps/day ↓: BL 7011, SR <1500 |
SR only versus SR+EX: 6 sessions of unilateral low-load, high-effort resistance exercise (i.e. three sessions/week with at least 48 h between sessions) with a randomly selected leg |
RT associated with greater muscle fibre CSA, satellite content and capillarization. |
Devries et al.57* 14 days SR + RT ± nutritional supplement |
30 older men (70 years, 27 BMI) >3500 step/day 3 groups (1) whey isolate, (2) micellar-whey, (3) micellar-whey + citrulline (n = 10 each group) |
Activity by SenseWear. Steps/day ↓: BL 6273–7714, SR 1161–1288 |
Dietary intervention during SR. Throughout SR, participants performed 6 sessions of unilateral low-load, high-effort resistance exercise (3 sessions/week with at least 48 h between sessions) with a randomly selected leg |
MPS similar across groups so dietary groups were collapsed to
compare SR and SR+RT legs. MPS lower in SR than SR+RT in postabsorptive and postprandial states. |
Walhin et al.27* 7 days SR + overfeeding ± aerobic exercise |
26 young males (25 year, 24 BMI) |
Activity by Actiheart. BL highly active >30 min 3× week, Steps/day ↓ with ↑ dietary intake +50% (SUR); additional subgroup with exercise (SUR+EX). SUR: 12,562–3520 and SUR+EX 10,544–3690 step/day |
SUR (n = 14) versus SUR+EX (n = 12): 45 min of daily treadmill running at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake |
Vigorous-intensity exercise counteracted most effects of short-term overfeeding and under-activity at whole-body level and in adipose tissue, despite standardized energy surplus |
Perkin et al.48
14 days SR + exercise |
30 older men (aged 65–80 years) |
Activity by pedometer. Steps/day ↓: BL >3500, SR <1500 |
SR only (n = 10)
versus Progressive RT group (n = 10) versus ‘Exercise snacking’ home-based group (n = 10) |
Not yet reported |
BL, baseline; BMI, body mass index; CSA, cross-sectional area; EX, exercise; h, hour; MPS, muscle protein synthesis; RT, resistance training; SR, step reduction; SUR, energy surplus; * studies also listed in Tables 1 and 2 but described in a different context; ↑ significant increase; ↓ significant decrease.